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Bol3.0
Boldenon (Equipoise) – Forschung
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
6 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
Die meisten Studien zu Boldenon (Equipoise) sind mechanistisch oder beobachtend statt RCTs, die einen klinischen Effekt messen — betrachte die Ergebnisse als vorläufig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus gemischt-qualitativen Studien, veröffentlicht 2016–2022.
Basierend auf 6 Studien
Konfidenz
Geringe Konfidenz
Nach Outcome
Safety profile
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung6 Studien
Liver & kidney toxicity
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Testicular & reproductive toxicity
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Cardiac toxicity & lipids
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Anabolic / growth-promoter effect (animal)Ein anabol-androgenes Steroid aus der Veterinärmedizin mit androgenem Muskelanabolismus bei Nutztieren/Tieren; keine Wirksamkeitsstudien am Menschen, und es weist Signale für Organtoxizität und Fruchtbarkeitsschäden auf. Ein kontrollierter Stoff. · Beim Menschen nicht belegt
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Stetige Forschung
1 Studie in den letzten 5 Jahren
20162022
1Tierstudie2020
Testicular weight, sperm count, and sperm motility together with serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol, and testicular testosterone ... showed a significant decrease following BOL treatment. Besides, the AR immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in testicular tissues.
Behairy A, El-Sharkawy NI, Saber TM, Soliman MM, Metwally MMM, Abd El-Rahman GI, Abd-Elhakim YM, El Deib MM. · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Controlled rat study: boldenone undecylenate 5 mg/kg intramuscularly weekly for 8 weeks vs vehicle/vitamin-C controls, assessing hormones, semen, testicular enzymes, oxidative markers and androgen-receptor (AR) immunohistochemistry
Boldenone raised testicular oxidative damage and sperm abnormalities and lowered sperm count/motility, testicular weight, LH, FSH, testosterone and estradiol — direct HPTA-suppression and impaired-fertility evidence
Androgen-receptor immunoreactivity was significantly DOWN-regulated in testicular tissue; vitamin C eased the oxidative damage but rescued neither the hormonal disturbance nor the AR down-regulation
There were also visible histopathological alterations in the testes induced by treatment with BOL, namely degenerative changes primarily characterized by a decrease in the germinal epithelium ... only the protocols of longer exposure time (II and III) induced morphological changes compatible with infertility.
Bueno A, Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Lhamas CL, Brusco I, Oliveira SM, Amaral MG, Dorneles G, Sorraila J, Duarte MM, de Andrade CM. · Theriogenology (2017)
Rat study of boldenone (BOL) and stanozolol across three dose/duration protocols, measuring testicular oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammatory markers and histopathology
Boldenone increased reactive oxygen species and inflammatory markers and produced degenerative changes in the testicular germinal epithelium
Longer-exposure protocols induced testicular morphological changes 'compatible with infertility' — a reproductive-harm outcome anchor
The results show that the BU in doses of 5 (day 30) and 2.5 mg kg-1 (day 60) changes the ALT seric activity, possibly showing a hepatotoxic effect ... All protocols used caused changes in the redox balance of the organs studied ... which indicates that these drugs might be harmful even at low doses.
Dornelles GL, Bueno A, de Oliveira JS, da Silva AS, França RT, da Silva CB, Machado MS, Petry LD, Abdalla FH, Lhamas CL, de Andrade CM. · Molecular and cellular biochemistry (2017)
Rat study of boldenone undecylenate (BU) and stanozolol across three dose/duration protocols, measuring liver and kidney biochemistry and oxidative-stress markers
Boldenone raised serum ALT (a hepatotoxic signal) and, at higher doses, cholesterol — consistent with an adverse lipid shift
All protocols disturbed the redox balance of liver and kidney tissue, indicating organ harm even at lower doses
Boldenone significantly (p < 0.05) increased total erythrocytic count and hemoglobin and hematocrit values ... Hepatorenal biomarkers, including alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine were significantly (p < 0.05) higher ... These data may discourage the use of boldenone as a growth promoter in broilers due to safety and meat quality reasons.
Elmajdoub A, Garbaj A, Abolghait S, El-Mahmoudy A. · Journal of food and drug analysis (2016)
Livestock growth-promoter study: boldenone 5 mg/kg intramuscularly in broiler chicks vs sesame-oil controls, with hematology, hepatorenal biomarkers and liver/kidney histopathology
Boldenone raised erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit — documenting its androgen-driven erythropoietic (red-cell-mass) effect
It also raised liver and kidney biomarkers (ALP, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine) with degenerative liver/kidney histopathology, and the authors conclude its use as a growth promoter should be discouraged on safety grounds
A significant increase in ... hemodynamic parameters, as well as serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-muscle brain, myoglobin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ... in treated rats with Boldenone when compared with control. We also noted a significant increase in the levels of cardiac malondialdehyde ... mRNA expression of NOX2 and NOX4.
Tousson E, Elgharabawy RM, Elmasry TA. · Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity (2018)
Rat study of boldenone undecylenate cardiac toxicity, with grape-seed proanthocyanidin as a protective co-treatment
Serum samples collected from treated (n = 4) and control (n = 8) crossbred animals ... A robust statistical model to predict the boldenone treatment was further developed based on the weighted abundances of the selected biomarkers ... with a wider detection window in comparison with the monitoring of the deconjugated metabolite boldenone.
Rocha DG, Lana MAG, de Assis DCS, de Macedo AN, Corrêa JMM, Augusti R, Faria AF. · Drug testing and analysis (2022)
Forensic / residue-detection study: developing LC-high-resolution-mass-spectrometry biomarkers to detect illicit boldenone undecylenate treatment in cattle
Identifies serum biomarkers that flag exogenous boldenone treatment with a wider detection window than monitoring boldenone itself
Represents the dominant 'real' literature on boldenone — forensic detection of its illicit/veterinary use, not any human benefit