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Cak3.5
Calcium AKG – Forschung
Hilft wahrscheinlich
25 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft wahrscheinlich
Calcium AKG scheint in 4 von 5 Studien mit messbaren Effekten zu helfen — die Evidenz tendiert klar ins Positive.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2006–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 40 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 25 Studien · 13 RCTs · 731 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Mittlere Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
4geholfen1unklar· 20 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Longevity & agingLebensdauervorteile nur im Tiermodell gezeigt; keine abgeschlossenen Endpunkte am Menschen · 4-6 months
Hilft wahrscheinlich15 Studien
Muscle strength & power
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung7 Studien
Endurance & exercise performance
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung6 Studien
Cognitive function
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Safety profile
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Bone health
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Lean body mass & muscle growth
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Heart & blood pressure
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Inflammation
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Recovery
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Energy & fatigueNur mechanistische Rolle; keine Energie-Endpunkte am Menschen · 4-8 weeks
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Glucose & metabolicMechanistische Rolle im Citratzyklus; keine metabolischen Endpunkte am Menschen · 8-12 weeks
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Neuroprotection & brain aging
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Women's health
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 18 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
100%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
731
typische Studie: 40 Personen
Stärkste Designs
13
0 gepoolt, 13 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
80%
4/5 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
Unter einer Woche
1
1–3 Monate
1
3+ Monate
3
Untersuchte Populationen
metabolic syndrome patients1
middle-aged adults1
Biologically older, middle-aged adults1
Young track and field athletes1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
14 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren
200620162026
1Systematische Übersicht2026
This approach positions metabolomics not as a descriptive tool but as a translational benchmark guiding MSC/EV therapy development.
Mahmod AI et al. · Stem cell reviews and reports (2026)
Yet, most studies lack validation and reproducibility, limiting clinical translation.
Progress requires larger datasets, targeted assays, integration into randomized trials, and GMP-aligned pipelines.
We propose a Metabolomics-Derived MSC Potency Index, a standardized metabolite panel benchmarked against functional assays, as a framework for therapeutic readiness.
For the next step, researchers may focus on the co-pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and investigate whether α-KG can be used to achieve the therapeutic goal of "homotherapy for heteropathy" in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Li Y, Wang Y, Yuan Q. · Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition (2024)
Exogenous supplementation of α-KG improves obesity, blood glucose levels, and cardiovascular disease risks associated with metabolic syndrome.
Furthermore, α-KG regulates the common pathological mechanisms of metabolic syndrome, suggesting the potential application prospect of α-KG in metabolic syndrome.
For the next step, researchers may focus on the co-pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and investigate whether α-KG can be used to achieve the therapeutic goal of "homotherapy for heteropathy" in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of AKG's benefits and identify future directions for research in both clinical and sports settings.
Xu M, Zhang Q, Liu X, Lu L, Li Z. · Nutrients (2024)
For athletes and active individuals, AKG supplementation has enhanced endurance, reduced fatigue, and supported faster post-exercise recovery.
Despite promising preliminary findings, research gaps remain in understanding AKG's long-term effects, optimal dosage, and specific pathways, particularly across diverse populations.
Further research, including large-scale clinical trials, is essential to clarify AKG's role in muscle health and to optimize its application as a therapeutic agent for skeletal muscle diseases and an enhancer of physical performance.
6Jump performanceRCTCited 3×n=40 · small study2021
The results of this study indicate that the daily co-supplementation with calcium salt of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (7.5 g) and L-Arginine α-ketoglutarate (10 g) during training might help to prevent decline in jump performance.
Kaczka P et al. · Nutrients (2021)
Likely real
At the end of the training cycle, a significant (p = 0.002) decrease in the countermovement jump (CMJ) height was found in the placebo group when compared to the baseline.
In contrast to the supplements group, in the placebo group, the CMJ changes were statistically significant: a noticeable (p = 0.002) decrease in CMJ was noted between the baseline measurement and the 6th measurement.
The well-being of the subjects from both groups changed significantly during the training period, and the intergroup differences in the mood level were similar and not statistically significant.
7Brain perfusion improvementRCTCited 9×n=27 · very small study2018
Isoleucine supplementation achieved a better impact on brain perfusion restoration in HE.
Romeiro FG et al. · NeuroImage. Clinical (2018)
Likely real
Brain single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and dynamic brain scintigraphy (DBS) were performed pretreatment and at 1, 8 and 12 months of supplementation.
Brain perfusion was increased only in the isoleucine group at 8 months of treatment by both SPECT and DBS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively) and by SPECT at the 12th month (p < 0.05).
This was associated with hepatic encephalopathy improvement at 8 and 12 months (p = 0.008 and 0.004, respectively), which was not observed in the leucine group (p = 0.313 and 0.055, respectively).
These results indicate that MIPS supplementation is less ergogenic and cost effective than caffeine alone.
Kruszewski M et al. · Nutrients (2022)
In a cross-over manner, they participated in two sessions where they were blinded to the order of supplementation they were given: either a MIPS including caffeine or caffeine alone.
They completed the bench press strength endurance test with pre- and post-training psychological assessments containing FS, FAS and sRPE.
Bench press repetition volume was greater after anhydrous caffeine than MIPS supplementation with no difference in psychological measures.
9Shoulder post-operative pain and repair integrityRCTCited 24×n=90 · small study2012
The use of the supplement for 3 months after cuff repair decreases shoulder post-operative pain and leads to a slight improvement in repair integrity.
Gumina S et al. · Current medical research and opinion (2012)
No statistically significant differences were identified between the two groups for each considered variable, except for shoulder pain (follow-up: 6 months) and repair integrity (final follow-up).
Analogously, in Group I, the percentage of patients with a better repair integrity result was significantly higher than Group II.
The use of the supplement for 3 months after cuff repair decreases shoulder post-operative pain and leads to a slight improvement in repair integrity.
Results provide some evidence that 4-weeks of PWS and/or PWS + S supplementation can improve some indices of cognitive function and exercise performance during resistance-training without significant side effects in apparently health males.
Jung YP et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2017)
Although significant time effects were seen, no statistically significant overall MANOVA Wilks' Lambda interactions were observed among groups for body composition, resting heart and blood pressure, readiness to perform questions, 1RM strength, anaerobic sprint capacity, or blood chemistry panels.
MANOVA univariate analysis and analysis of changes from baseline with 95% CI revealed some evidence that cognitive function and 1RM strength were increased to a greater degree in the PWS and/or PWS + S groups after 4- and/or 8-weeks compared to PLA responses.
Results provide some evidence that 4-weeks of PWS and/or PWS + S supplementation can improve some indices of cognitive function and exercise performance during resistance-training without significant side effects in apparently health males.
Within the confines of this study, ingestion of PWS and/or PWS + S prior to exercise appears to be well-tolerated when consumed by young, healthy individuals.
Jung YP et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2017)
No statistically significant differences were observed among treatments in total bench press lifting volume, leg press lifting volume or WAC sprint performance.
Within the confines of this study, ingestion of PWS and/or PWS + S prior to exercise appears to be well-tolerated when consumed by young, healthy individuals.
The primary effects appear to be to increase REE responses and improve perceptions about readiness to perform and cognitive function with limited to no effects on muscular endurance and WAC.
12Plasma L-arginine levelsRCTCited 22×n=24 · very small study2011
NO(2) Platinum increased plasma L-arginine levels; however, the effects observed in hemodynamics, brachial-artery blood flow, and NOx can only be attributed to the resistance exercise.
Willoughby DS et al. · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism (2011)
NO(2) Platinum increased plasma L-arginine levels; however, the effects observed in hemodynamics, brachial-artery blood flow, and NOx can only be attributed to the resistance exercise.
Because AAKG supplementation may hinder muscular endurance, the use of these supplements before resistance training should be questioned.
Greer BK et al. · Journal of strength and conditioning research (2011)
The AAKG supplementation did not improve muscle endurance or significantly affect the BP response to anaerobic work.
Subjects performed fewer total chin-ups (23.75 ± 6.38 vs. 25.58 ± 7.18) and total trial repetitions (137.92 ± 28.18 vs. 141.08 ± 28.57) in the supplement trial (p ≤ 0.05).
Subjects executed fewer reverse chin-ups (5.83 ± 1.85 vs. 6.75 ± 2.09) during set 2 after receiving the supplement as compared to the placebo (p < 0.05).
This review systematically proposes an integrated theoretical framework of "aging metabolic memory", explaining the persistence, transmissibility, and potential heritability of aging from a systems biology perspective.
This review summarizes the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of aging and may provide multi-dimensional intervention pathways for the precise prevention and treatment of age-related diseases and the promotion of healthy aging.
16Metabolic and immunomodulatory effectsSystematische Übersicht2026
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Niederegger T et al. · Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association (2026)
For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints.
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17ATG16L1 protein regulationSystematische Übersicht2026
This systematic-review examined the effects of Calcium AKG.
Wei F, Liu Z, Yu X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Feng Z, Zhao X, Ke X, Yang A, Cui H. · Autophagy (2026)
Dysregulation of this network contributes broadly to human diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Notably, the functional impact of specific regulatory events is highly context dependent, a principle exemplified by the Crohn disease-associated T300A polymorphism.
Deciphering this regulatory landscape and its crosstalk with both autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent functions positions ATG16L1 as a pivotal node in cellular homeostasis and as an emerging therapeutic target.
In this review, we integrate current evidence on how fatty acid-driven metabolic alterations reshape chromatin dynamics to promote and stabilize cellular senescence.
Ávila-Galicia KE et al. · Ageing research reviews (2026)
Accumulating evidence indicates that this process is tightly linked to metabolic rewiring, which directly impacts chromatin-modifying enzymes and chromatin remodelers through fluctuations in key metabolites such as acetyl-CoA, NAD⁺, and α-ketoglutarate.
In this review, we integrate current evidence on how fatty acid-driven metabolic alterations reshape chromatin dynamics to promote and stabilize cellular senescence.
The goal of this review is to critically examine the current mechanistic knowledge related to AKG biosynthesis and breakdown and its future implications in maintaining cellular homeostasis and controlling chronic inflammation.
Devulapalli V, Sathiyamurthi A, Gautam S, Bhattaram P. · Biomedicines (2026)
Additionally, because endogenous AKG levels decrease with age, oral supplementation of AKG, especially with calcium and arginine, has drawn attention to its potential benefits in longevity and metabolic health.
Thus, AKG is versatile and has encouraging therapeutic promise for cancer, aging, and inflammatory illnesses.
However, a lack of human clinical evidence prompts further research to determine ideal dosage, tissue selectivity, and long-term safety.
Therefore, alpha-ketoglutarate is linked to improving reproductive performance, but further studies are needed due to a lack of studies on humans.
Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Timofeiov S, Dabuleanu AM, Scripcariu IS, Micu R, Tataranu E. · Reproduction (Cambridge, England) (2024)
This metabolite modulates the expression of pluripotency genes, thus controlling stem cells' self-renewal, differentiation, and reprogramming dynamics, while also alleviating structural transformations induced by exposure to heavy metals and other inhibitors.
This significantly demonstrated a direct influence of alpha-ketoglutarate in mitigating oxidative stress and prolonging the lifespan, consequently supporting metabolic and endocrine adjustments.
It influences oocyte quality and quantity, delays reproductive aging, and establishes an optimal competence framework for development with minimal risk of failure.