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Cit6.0
Citicoline – Forschung
Hilft vermutlich
106 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft vermutlich
Citicoline half in etwa der Hälfte (3/5) der Studien, die einen Effekt gemessen haben — vielversprechend, aber nicht einhellig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 1982–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 50 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 106 Studien · 9 Meta-Analysen · 82 RCTs · 1,431 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
3geholfen1unklar1nicht geholfen· 101 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Stroke & cerebrovascular
Hilft vermutlich95 Studien
Cognitive functionBessere Gedächtnisbildung und Erinnerungsvermögen · 4-8 weeks
Hilft vermutlich22 Studien
Neuroprotection & brain agingUnterstützt die Integrität und Reparatur der neuronalen Membranen · 4-12 weeks
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung21 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung21 Studien
Vision & eye health
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung9 Studien
Depression & moodDie Unterstützung der Dopaminsynthese kann Motivation und Stimmung verbessern · 4-8 weeks
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Focus & attentionVerbesserte Aufmerksamkeit und Konzentration · 1-4 weeks
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Safety profile
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
In Zahlen
Aus 23 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
60%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
1,431
typische Studie: 50 Personen
Stärkste Designs
91
9 gepoolt, 82 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
60%
3/5 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
1–4 Wochen
1
1–3 Monate
1
3+ Monate
3
Untersuchte Populationen
Glaucoma patients2
Patients with cognitive impairment2
Patients with schizophrenia1
Bipolar disorder patients1
Stetige Forschung
21 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2025
198220042026
1Glaucoma progressionSystematische Übersichtn=424 · medium study2023
Einfach gesagt: There is a lack of sufficient evidence to support that citicoline slows the progression of glaucoma.
Prinz J et al. · PloS one (2023)
There is a lack of sufficient evidence to support that citicoline slows the progression of glaucoma.
5Total symptomatologyMeta-Analysen=50 · small study2025
Fornaro M et al. · Molecular psychiatry (2025)
Groß Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Change (Standardized Mean Difference = SMD) in total symptomatology and acceptability (Risk Ratio = RR) were co-primary outcomes.
High heterogeneity (tau2 = 0.10, I2 = 55.9%) and global inconsistency (Q = 40.79, df = 18, p = 0.002) emerged without publication bias (Egger's test, p = 0.42).
6Neurocognitive effects in bipolar disordersSystematische Übersicht2025
Einfach gesagt: Specific nutraceuticals may offer pro-cognitive effects for BD.
Balanzá-Martínez V et al. · Psychiatry research (2025)
Specific nutraceuticals may offer pro-cognitive effects for BD.
However, the evidence is limited by the small number of included studies and substantial heterogeneity in populations, interventions, and cognitive assessments.
Future studies should examine whole-diet, physical activity/exercise and multimodal LBIs.
Einfach gesagt: This review does not support the current prescription of cholinergic agents to treat PUD.
Salloum N et al. · Psychopharmacology (2024)
Only two studies on galantamine (AChEI) and citicoline, reported a significant reduction of cocaine consumption. «Proof-of-concept» laboratory trials showed no evidence of efficacy on the selected outcomes, notably on craving.
This review does not support the current prescription of cholinergic agents to treat PUD.
Replication clinical trials notably on galantamine or other AChEI, and proof-of-concept trials on comedown symptoms will be necessary to identify a potential therapeutic indication for cholinergic agents in PUD.
Einfach gesagt: The overall quality of the studies was poor.
Bonvicini M et al. · Nutrients (2023)
Groß Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Overall, citicoline improved cognitive status, with pooled standardized mean differences ranging from 0.56 (95% CI: 0.37-0.75) to 1.57 (95% CI: 0.77-2.37) in different sensitivity analyses.
12Cognition, mood, and behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's diseaseSystematische Übersicht2020
Einfach gesagt: Limited evidence from pooled data of two observational studies suggests that CC used in adjunct with AChEIs in the treatment of AD was well-tolerated and showed improvement in cognition, mood, and behavioral symptoms compared to treating with AChEIs alone.
Piamonte BLC et al. · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2020)
Limited evidence from pooled data of two observational studies suggests that CC used in adjunct with AChEIs in the treatment of AD was well-tolerated and showed improvement in cognition, mood, and behavioral symptoms compared to treating with AChEIs alone.
Einfach gesagt: Functional outcomes were significantly improved by citicoline, but the positive role of this drug in neurological recovery, domestic adaptation, and cognitive outcomes is still a topic of discussion for future.
Agarwal S et al. · Indian journal of pharmacology (2017)
Spürbar Schaden
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
In neurological evaluation, domestic adaptation evaluation, and cognitive outcomes, there was no significant difference in both the citicoline and placebo groups (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04 [0.9-1.2, P = 0.583]; OR = 1.1 [0.94-1.27, P = 0.209]; OR = 0.953 [0.75-1.2, P = 0.691]).
In evaluation of functional outcomes, there was significant difference in both groups and OR was 1.18 (1.04-1.34, P = 0.01).
Functional outcomes were significantly improved by citicoline, but the positive role of this drug in neurological recovery, domestic adaptation, and cognitive outcomes is still a topic of discussion for future.
17Complete recovery probability at 3 monthsMeta-Analyse2009
Einfach gesagt: A citicoline supplement is now available from several sources on the internet.
Clark WM · Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy (2009)
Citicoline has been studied worldwide in both ischemic and hemorrhagic clinical stroke with excellent safety and possibly efficacy found in several trials.
A meta-analysis of four randomized US clinical citicoline trials concluded that treatment with oral citicoline within the first 24 h after a moderate to severe stroke is safe and increases the probability of complete recovery at 3 months.
Citicoline clinical efficacy trials are now continuing outside of the US in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Einfach gesagt: Dietary supplementation of citicoline for 12 wk improved overall memory performance, especially episodic memory, in healthy older males and females with AAMI.
Nakazaki E et al. · The Journal of nutrition (2021)
Likely real
Composite memory (secondary outcome), calculated using the scores of 4 memory tests, also significantly improved to a greater extent following citicoline supplementation (mean: 3.78) compared with placebo (mean: 0.72, P = 0.0052).
Dietary supplementation of citicoline for 12 wk improved overall memory performance, especially episodic memory, in healthy older males and females with AAMI.
The findings suggest that regular consumption of citicoline may be safe and potentially beneficial against memory loss due to aging.