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Ginkgo Biloba – Forschung
Hilft vermutlich
76 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft vermutlich
Ginkgo Biloba half in etwa der Hälfte (9/13) der Studien, die einen Effekt gemessen haben — vielversprechend, aber nicht einhellig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2008–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 1,104 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 76 Studien · 28 Meta-Analysen · 9 RCTs · 93,275 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
9geholfen4unklar· 63 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Cognitive functionBescheidener kognitiver Nutzen bei Demenz/kognitivem Abbau; kein messbarer Gedächtnisnutzen bei gesunden Erwachsenen · 12-24 weeks
Hilft wahrscheinlich61 Studien
Neuroprotection & brain agingVerbessert die zerebrale Durchblutung und antioxidative Abwehr im ZNS · 8-12 weeks
Hilft wahrscheinlich26 Studien
Safety profile
Hilft vermutlich13 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Gemischte Evidenz12 Studien
Heart & blood pressureVerbessert die periphere und zerebrale Durchblutung · 8-12 weeks
Focus & attentionKein messbarer Effekt auf Aufmerksamkeit oder exekutive Funktionen bei gesunden Erwachsenen · 4-6 weeks
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Depression & mood
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Inflammation
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Glucose & metabolic
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 51 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
71%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
93k
typische Studie: 1104 Personen
Stärkste Designs
37
28 gepoolt, 9 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
69%
9/13 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
1–4 Wochen
1
1–3 Monate
1
3+ Monate
3
Untersuchte Populationen
Patients with tinnitus3
Patients with dementia3
General population2
Patients with mild dementia1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
55 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2026
200820172026
1Cognitive function in mild dementiaMeta-AnalyseCited 4×n=782 · large study2025
The meta-analysis demonstrates that patients with mild dementia benefit from EGb 761 in terms of cognition, activities of daily living, global assessment and quality of life.
Riepe M et al. · The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (2025)
The meta-analysis demonstrates that patients with mild dementia benefit from EGb 761 in terms of cognition, activities of daily living, global assessment and quality of life.
2ADHD symptom improvement with antioxidantsMeta-AnalyseCited 5×n=3,650 · very large study2024
The rankings of safety and efficacy of the 12 antioxidants vary.
Zhou P et al. · PloS one (2024)
The rankings of safety and efficacy of the 12 antioxidants vary.
Due to the low methodological quality of the included studies, the probability ranking cannot fully explain the clinical efficacy, and the results need to be interpreted with caution.
More high-quality studies are still needed to verify our findings.
3Unstable angina pectoris symptom improvementMeta-AnalyseCited 11×n=9,513 · very large study2024
GBE preparations may alleviate angina symptoms and myocardial ischemia in the treatment of UAP with favorable safety.
Liu Y et al. · Journal of ethnopharmacology (2024)
GBE preparations may alleviate angina symptoms and myocardial ischemia in the treatment of UAP with favorable safety.
Shuxuening injection may be the most effective among all GBE preparations in improving angina symptoms, while Ginkgo tablets may perform best among oral formulations.
4Meta-AnalyseCited 2×n=7,214 · very large study2024
In this network meta-analysis of studies of patients with AD and a follow-up period of at least 1 year, EGb 120 mg demonstrated cognitive benefits, while placebo posed the least harm for AD.
Deng X et al. · Medicine (2024)
The network meta-analysis resulted indicated that placebo demonstrated greater effectiveness compared to Atorvastatin-calcium 80 mg (mean different [MD] = -6.93, confidence interval [CI] -11.57, -2.29) and Rivastigmine 12 mg (MD = -3.33, CI -6.56, -0.09).
In this network meta-analysis of studies of patients with AD and a follow-up period of at least 1 year, EGb 120 mg demonstrated cognitive benefits, while placebo posed the least harm for AD.
More RCTs are required to address the uncertainty surrounding the efficacy of medication.
6Meta-AnalyseCited 45×n=2,100 · very large study2022
Nevertheless, the preclinical and clinical data suggest that further large-scale clinical trials may be needed in order to examine the effects of long-term GEB administration on early-stage AD.
Xie L et al. · Cells (2022)
GBE was shown to reduce the escape latencies in several studies, in both rats and mice (I2 > 70%, p < 0.005).
For the clinical trials, eight trials, including 2100 individuals, were conducted.
A lack of sample size calculations and the poor quality of the methods are two obvious limitations of the studies.
7Serum CRP reductionMeta-AnalyseCited 19×n=1,104 · large study2022
Therefore, this medicinal herb might be a possible strategy for inflammation control.
Mousavi SN et al. · Phytotherapy research : PTR (2022)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
In the meta-analysis, the weighted mean differences (WMD) in change for serum CRP were -1.5 mg/L (95% CI: -2.16, -0.85, p < 0.001).
Moreover, WMD for serum IL-6 and TNF-α were in favor of the GBLE compared to the placebo [(-16.86 pg/mL, 95% CI: -19.38, -14.34, p < 0.001); and (-4.19 pg/mL, 95%CI: -5.14, -3.23, p < 0.001), respectively].
Subgroup analysis showed that GBLE has a beneficial effect on serum CRP at the baseline levels≥3 mg/L and doses<500 mg/day.
8Health-related quality of life (Glasgow Health Status Inventory)Systematische ÜbersichtCited 30×n=1,915 · large study2022
There is uncertainty about the benefits and harms of Ginkgo biloba for the treatment of tinnitus when compared to placebo.
Sereda M et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2022)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
One study found that there may be little to no difference between the effects of Ginkgo biloba and placebo on health-related quality of life measured with the Glasgow Health Status Inventory at three months (MD -0.58 (scale 0 to 100), 95% CI -4.67 to 3.51; 1 study; 60 participants) (low-certainty).
Ginkgo biloba may not increase the frequency of other adverse effects (gastrointestinal upset, headache, allergic reaction) at three months compared to placebo (risk ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.60; 4 studies; 1175 participants) (low-certainty).
There is uncertainty about the benefits and harms of Ginkgo biloba for the treatment of tinnitus when compared to placebo.
9Tardive dyskinesia symptom reliefMeta-AnalyseCited 19×n=1,278 · large study2018
This review has found that the use of valbenazine or extract of Ginkgo biloba may be effective in relieving the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
Soares-Weiser K et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2018)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Studies were primarily of short (three to six6 weeks) duration with small samples size (10 to 157 participants), and most (61%) were published more than 20 years ago.
Two studies found moderate-quality evidence of a benefit of the intervention compared with placebo: valbenazine (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.86, 1 RCT, n = 92) and extract of Ginkgo biloba (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.96, 1 RCT, n = 157), respectively.
This review has found that the use of valbenazine or extract of Ginkgo biloba may be effective in relieving the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
10Repigmentation in vitiligoMeta-AnalyseCited 124×n=4,512 · very large study2015
This review has found some evidence from individual studies to support existing therapies for vitiligo, but the usefulness of the findings is limited by the different designs and outcome measurements and lack of quality of life measures.
Whitton ME et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2015)
All of the studies assessed repigmentation, however only five reported on all of our three primary outcomes which were quality of life, > 75% repigmentation and adverse effects.
This review has found some evidence from individual studies to support existing therapies for vitiligo, but the usefulness of the findings is limited by the different designs and outcome measurements and lack of quality of life measures.
There is a need for follow-up studies to assess permanence of repigmentation as well as high- quality randomised trials using standardised measures and which also address quality of life.
11Cognitive function, activities of daily living, and global clinical assessmentMeta-AnalyseCited 79×n=2,608 · very large study2016
Ginkgo biloba is potentially beneficial for the improvement of cognitive function, activities of daily living, and global clinical assessment in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease.
Yang G et al. · Current topics in medicinal chemistry (2016)
Ginkgo biloba is potentially beneficial for the improvement of cognitive function, activities of daily living, and global clinical assessment in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease.
12Cognition, function, behavior, and global changeMeta-AnalyseCited 144×n=2,561 · very large study2015
EGb761 at 240 mg/day is able to stabilize or slow decline in cognition, function, behavior, and global change at 22-26 weeks in cognitive impairment and dementia, especially for patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Tan MS et al. · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2015)
EGb761 at 240 mg/day is able to stabilize or slow decline in cognition, function, behavior, and global change at 22-26 weeks in cognitive impairment and dementia, especially for patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
17Systematische ÜbersichtCited 90×n=149 · medium study2021
While most food, herbs and supplements can be safely taken in moderation, healthcare professionals should be aware of the increased risk of bleeding when taking several food and herbs.
Tan CSS et al. · British journal of clinical pharmacology (2021)
These reports described potentiation with 45 (57.7%) herbs, food or dietary supplements while 23 (29.5%) reported inhibition and 10 (12.8%) reported limited impact on warfarin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
While most food, herbs and supplements can be safely taken in moderation, healthcare professionals should be aware of the increased risk of bleeding when taking several food and herbs.
These include Chinese wolfberry, chamomile tea, cannabis, cranberry, chitosan, green tea, Ginkgo biloba, ginger, spinach, St.
19Cognitive function and nootropic effectsSystematische ÜbersichtCited 31×2023
Together, the results from the compiled studies highlight the nootropic effects and the inconsistencies regarding PDNs that require further research.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137.
Lorca C et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2023)
Bacopa monnieri improves language, learning and memory.
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) modulates anxiety and social-related cognitions.
Caffeine enhances attention and executive functions.
20Acute mountain sickness preventionMeta-AnalyseCited 7×n=451 · medium study2018
The currently available data suggest that although GBE may tend towards AMS prophylaxis, there are not enough data to show the statistically significant effect of GBE on preventing AMS.
Tsai TY et al. · BMJ open (2018)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Borderline
In the primary meta-analysis of all seven study groups, GBE showed trend of AMS prophylaxis, but it is not statistically significant (RR=0.68; 95% CI 0.45 to 1.04; p=0.08).
The I2 statistic was 58.7% (p=0.02), indicating substantial heterogeneity.
The currently available data suggest that although GBE may tend towards AMS prophylaxis, there are not enough data to show the statistically significant effect of GBE on preventing AMS.