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Hmb6.0
HMB – Forschung
Hilft vermutlich
42 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft vermutlich
HMB half in etwa der Hälfte (10/15) der Studien, die einen Effekt gemessen haben — vielversprechend, aber nicht einhellig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2009–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 279 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 42 Studien · 15 Meta-Analysen · 13 RCTs · 10,293 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
10geholfen5unklar· 27 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
Nach Outcome
Lean body mass & muscle growthKeine Wirkung auf Kraft oder Körperzusammensetzung bei trainierten Erwachsenen; geringer Vorteil für die Muskelmasse vor allem bei klinischen/älteren Populationen · 4-8 Wochen
Hilft vermutlich29 Studien
Muscle strength & powerKeine Wirkung auf Kraft oder Körperzusammensetzung bei trainierten Erwachsenen; geringer Vorteil für die Muskelmasse vor allem bei klinischen/älteren Populationen · 4-8 Wochen
Gemischte Evidenz21 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Hilft wahrscheinlich19 Studien
Weight management
Hilft wahrscheinlich8 Studien
RecoveryReduzierte Marker für Muskelschäden nach intensiver Belastung · 1-2 Wochen
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung6 Studien
Endurance & exercise performanceErhält die fettfreie Masse während Ausdauertraining und Kaloriendefizit · 4-8 Wochen · Gemischt; kein Vorteil für Kraft/Körperzusammensetzung bei trainierten Erwachsenen, wobei eine Metaanalyse eine verbesserte Ausdauer und VO2max fand · 4-8 Wochen
32 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2026
200920172026
1Muscle quality, body composition, and physical functionMeta-Analysen=596 · large study2025
Further high-quality RCTs are warranted to confirm its clinical relevance.
García-Alonso A, Sánchez-González JL, Navarro-López V, Méndez-Sánchez R, Polo-Ferrero L. · Nutrients (2025)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Borderline
Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
RT+HMB produced modest and borderline significant improvements in handgrip strength (SMD 0.24; 95% CI 0.00-0.48; p = 0.05) and moderate benefits in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores (SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.12-0.95; p = 0.01).
Five trials (50%) were rated at high risk of bias, limiting confidence in pooled estimates.
2Chronic wound healingSystematische ÜbersichtCited 10×n=741 · large study2024
Primary wound types included pressure injuries (58%), diabetic foot ulcers (40%), and venous ulcers (2%).
Santo ACSDE et al. · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) (2024)
Primary wound types included pressure injuries (58%), diabetic foot ulcers (40%), and venous ulcers (2%).
Two other studies investigated a combination of arginine, glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate; however, they did not yield significant results, and one study favored a hyperproteic formula instead of a hyperproteic formula with arginine.
This review provides evidence supporting the potential of oral nutritional supplementation to enhance the healing process of chronic wounds.
4Physical performance assessed by gait speedMeta-AnalyseCited 8×n=359 · medium study2025
Overall, although limited and requiring interpretation with utmost caution, current evidence indicates that HMB supplementation is beneficial for improving muscle mass and strength, but there is no evidence of a benefit on physical performance in patients with sarcopenia.
Gu WT et al. · Maturitas (2025)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Could be chance
For the overall risk of bias, no studies were graded as "high risk of bias", one (20.0 %) as "some concerns", and four (80.0 %) as "low risk of bias" according to the ROB 2.
However, there was no evidence of a benefit on physical performance, assessed by gait speed (SMD = 0.19; 95 % CI: [-0.14, 0.53]; Z value = 1.14; P = 0.255).
Overall, although limited and requiring interpretation with utmost caution, current evidence indicates that HMB supplementation is beneficial for improving muscle mass and strength, but there is no evidence of a benefit on physical performance in patients with sarcopenia.
5Endurance performanceMeta-AnalyseCited 9×n=279 · medium study2024
In conclusion, HMB (3 g·d -1 ) ingestion during 2-12 weeks significantly improves endurance performance and V̇O 2 max .
Fernández-Landa J et al. · Journal of strength and conditioning research (2024)
Groß Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
The results displayed a significant improvement on endurance performance (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.58 [0.28-0.87]) and V̇O 2 max (pooled SMD = 0.58 [0.21-0.95]) after HMB ingestion.
Moreover, after the exclusion of the studies not evenly distributed around the base of the funnel plot, the results continued to be significantly positive in endurance performance (pooled SMD = 0.38 [0.22-0.53]) and V̇O 2 max (pooled SMD = 0.25 [0.09-0.42]).
In conclusion, HMB (3 g·d -1 ) ingestion during 2-12 weeks significantly improves endurance performance and V̇O 2 max .
6Proportion of ulcers healedMeta-AnalyseCited 31×n=629 · large study2020
Evidence for the impact of nutritional interventions on the healing of foot ulcers in people with diabetes compared with no nutritional supplementation, or compared with a different dose of nutritional supplementation, remains uncertain, with eight studies showing no clear benefit or harm.
Moore ZE et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2020)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
It is also uncertain whether arginine, glutamine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplement increases the proportion of ulcers healed at 16 weeks compared with placebo (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.40).
It is uncertain whether oral nutritional supplement with 20 g protein per 200 mL bottle, 1 kcal/mL, nutritional supplement with added vitamins, minerals and trace elements, reduces the number of deaths (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.06 to 14.60) or amputations (RR 4.82, 95% CI 0.24 to 95.88) more than placebo.
It is uncertain whether arginine, glutamine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplement increases health-related quality of life at 16 weeks more than placebo (MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.03).
8Muscle mass changeMeta-AnalyseCited 13×n=41 · small study2025
HMB supplementation may benefit individuals experiencing muscular atrophy due to physiological conditions, particularly enhancing muscle mass and strength without significant changes in fat mass or body weight.
Bideshki MV et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle (2025)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
HMB supplementation significantly increased muscle mass (ES: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.35; p = 0.004), muscle strength index (ES: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.19-0.35; p < 0.001) and FFM (ES: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11-0.34; p < 0.001).
No significant changes were observed in FM (ES: 0.03; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.35; p = 0.09) or body mass (ES: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.06 to 0.24; p = 0.22).
HMB supplementation may benefit individuals experiencing muscular atrophy due to physiological conditions, particularly enhancing muscle mass and strength without significant changes in fat mass or body weight.
9Systematische Übersichtn=24 · very small study2025
Overall, individual studies show some promise for several dietary supplements to alter body mass and body composition, improve exercise recovery and performance, delay fatigue, and modify serum biomarkers; nevertheless, effect sizes were often small, and results were often mixed.
Coutiño Díaz M et al. · Current nutrition reports (2025)
Overall, individual studies show some promise for several dietary supplements to alter body mass and body composition, improve exercise recovery and performance, delay fatigue, and modify serum biomarkers; nevertheless, effect sizes were often small, and results were often mixed.
11Total body mass change during resistance exercise trainingMeta-AnalyseCited 19×n=302 · medium study2020
Our findings do not support the use of HMB aiming at improvement of body composition or strength with RET.
Jakubowski JS et al. · Nutrients (2020)
A significant effect was found on TBM.
However, there were no significant effects for FFM, FM, or strength outcomes.
We conclude that HMB produces a small effect on TBM gain, but this effect does not translate into significantly greater increases in FFM, strength or decreases in FM during periods of RET.
Specifically, interventions in older adults aged 80 years or older, with cognitive impairment, frailty, or limited mobility are required.
Courel-Ibáñez J et al. · Nutrients (2019)
Results showed that HMB supplementation in addition to physical exercise has no or fairly low impact in improving body composition, muscle strength, or physical performance in adults aged 50 to 80 years, compared to exercise alone.
There is a gap of knowledge on the beneficial effects of HMB combined with exercise to preserve cognitive functions in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Future RCTs are needed to refine treatment choices combining HMB and exercises for older people in particular populations, ages, and health status.
14Body composition and strengthMeta-AnalyseCited 27×n=394 · medium study2018
This meta-analysis found no effect of HMB supplementation on strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes.
Sanchez-Martinez J et al. · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport (2018)
HMB supplementation interventions present a trivial non-significant ES in all variables studied (bench press ES=0.00, leg press ES=0.09, body mass ES=-0.01, fat-free mass ES=0.16, and fat mass ES=-0.20; all cases p>0.05, and null heterogeneity I2=0.0% p>0.05).
These results remained constant even analyzing by subgroups (HMB doses, duration of intervention, training level and diet co-intervention).
This meta-analysis found no effect of HMB supplementation on strength and body composition in trained and competitive athletes.
15Muscle mass and function in cancer patientsSystematische ÜbersichtCited 74×2022
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Prado CM et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle (2022)
Studies prescribed HMB combined with amino acids (73.3%), HMB in oral nutritional supplements (20.0%), or both supplement types (6.7%); Ca-HMB doses of 3.0 g/day were provided in 80.0% of the studies.
No serious adverse effects directly related to the nutrition intervention were reported.
Although limited, current evidence suggests that HMB supplementation has a beneficial effect on muscle mass and function in patients with cancer.
17Muscle mass preservationMeta-AnalyseCited 118×2015
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation contributed to preservation of muscle mass in older adults.
Wu H et al. · Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (2015)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
The meta-analysis showed greater muscle mass gain in the intervention groups compared with the control groups (standard mean difference=0.352kg; 95% confidence interval: 0.11, 0.594; Z value=2.85; P=0.004).
There were no significant fat mass changes between intervention and control groups (standard mean difference=-0.08kg; 95% confidence interval: -0.32, 0.159; Z value=0.66; P=0.511).
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation contributed to preservation of muscle mass in older adults.
18Muscle mass improvement with leucineMeta-AnalyseCited 192×n=15 · very small study2021
Best evidence is available to recommend leucine, because it has a significant effect on muscle mass in elderly people with sarcopenia.
Gielen E et al. · Nutrition reviews (2021)
Best evidence is available to recommend leucine, because it has a significant effect on muscle mass in elderly people with sarcopenia.
Protein supplementation on top of resistance training is recommended to increase muscle mass and strength, in particular for obese persons and for ≥ 24 weeks.
Effects on sarcopenia as a construct were not reported in the included reviews.
19Body composition and muscle strengthMeta-Analysen=561 · large study2026
The combination of HMB supplementation and resistance training does not improve body composition or muscle strength in adults aged 50 years and older.
Wang G et al. · Age and ageing (2026)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
According to meta-analysis data, supplementing with HMB is not advantageous concerning fat mass (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.49), muscle mass (SMD = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.20), and muscle strength (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.72 to 0.63).
The combination of HMB supplementation and resistance training does not improve body composition or muscle strength in adults aged 50 years and older.
Based on the available evidence, HMB supplementation cannot be recommended as a routine adjunct to resistance training in individuals who are able to undertake structured exercise.
20sarcopenia and frailty management in COPDSystematische Übersicht2026
An integrated, multimodal approach combining structured exercise training and targeted nutritional support should be considered a cornerstone of COPD management to prevent and treat sarcopenia and frailty.
Naas S et al. · Nutrients (2026)
An integrated, multimodal approach combining structured exercise training and targeted nutritional support should be considered a cornerstone of COPD management to prevent and treat sarcopenia and frailty.
Personalized rehabilitation strategies can substantially improve functional outcomes and quality of life, while future research should prioritize biomarker-guided personalization and long-term intervention studies.