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Mth6.5
Milk Thistle – Forschung
Hilft wahrscheinlich
83 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Hilft wahrscheinlich
Milk Thistle scheint in 11 von 15 Studien mit messbaren Effekten zu helfen — die Evidenz tendiert klar ins Positive.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2001–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 1,198 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 83 Studien · 30 Meta-Analysen · 30 RCTs · 43,405 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Was die Studien gefunden haben
11geholfen3unklar1nicht geholfen· 68 weitere ohne bewertete Effektdaten
InflammationSchützt Leberzellen, unterstützt die Regeneration · 4-8 Wochen
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung4 Studien
Weight management
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Women's health
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Men's vitality
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
In Zahlen
Aus 37 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Wahrscheinlich echte Effekte
50%
über Studien hinweg
Untersuchte Personen
43k
typische Studie: 1198 Personen
Stärkste Designs
60
30 gepoolt, 30 randomisiert
Zeigte Nutzen
73%
11/15 Studien
Wie lange Studien liefen
1–4 Wochen
1
1–3 Monate
1
3+ Monate
3
Untersuchte Populationen
Adults4
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease3
Patients with cirrhosis2
Cancer patients1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
45 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2026
200120132026
1Hand-foot syndrome preventionMeta-Analysen=2,192 · very large study2026
Einfach gesagt: In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, diclofenac and silymarin were the most effective preventive strategies for HFS, with silymarin requiring confirmation in a larger randomized trial.
Wang C, Shang Y, Kanaan G, Chai L, Li H, Qi X. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2025)
Rationale Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major public health challenge, with approximately 32.4% of adults globally diagnosed with the condition and a steadily increasing prevalence.
We calculated risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data, both with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
For rare events, we used the Peto odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI.
3AST levels reductionMeta-Analysen=3,545 · very large study2025
Einfach gesagt: This meta-analysis examined the effects of Milk Thistle.
Shahsavari K et al. · BMC complementary medicine and therapies (2025)
Groß Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Likely real
According to the findings of this meta-analysis silymarin administration showed a significant reduction in AST (SMD [95% CI]: - 0.670 [- 0.931, - 0.408], p-value = 0.000), and ALT (SMD [95% CI]: - 0.912 [- 1.177, - 0.646], p-value = 0.000) levels.
While it had no statistically significant effect on ALP level (SMD [95% CI]: - 0.236 [- 1.929, 1.458], p-value = 0.159).
The subgroup analysis was also showed significant decrease in AST and ALT levels for patients with BMI less than 30, while silymarin treatment had no significant effects on AST and ALT levels in patients with BMI ≥ 30.
4HbA1c reductionMeta-Analysen=1,337 · large study2025
Einfach gesagt: However, further validation of these findings is necessary through extensive clinical studies with larger sample sizes.
Miao R et al. · Phytotherapy research : PTR (2025)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
For HbA1c, silymarin was more effective than resveratrol (MD -2.08, 95%Cl -3.50 to -0.72) (P < 0.05).
For body mass index (BMI), curcumin was more effective than resveratrol (MD -1.27, 95%Cl -2.43 to -0.03) (P < 0.05).
Curcumin, resveratrol, silymarin, and berberine can effectively improve cardio-metabolic risk factors in T2DM, and different herbal phytochemicals have different clinical advantages.
5AST levels reductionMeta-Analysen=2,509 · very large study2024
Einfach gesagt: This study may help guide clinicians and lead to further detailed studies.
Liu H et al. · Phytotherapy research : PTR (2024)
The results of the network meta-analysis showed that artichoke leaf extract confers a relative advantage in reducing the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (SUCRA: 99.1%), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (SUCRA: 88.2%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (SUCRA: 88.9%).
Naringenin conferred an advantage in reducing triglyceride (TG) levels (SUCRA: 97.3%), total cholesterol (TC) levels (SUCRA: 73.9%), and improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (SUCRA: 74.9%).
High-density catechins significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) levels (SUCRA: 98.5%) compared with the placebo.
6ALT levels reductionMeta-Analysen=2,375 · very large study2024
Einfach gesagt: Silymarin can regulate energy metabolism, attenuate liver damage, and improve liver histology in NAFLD patients.
Li S et al. · Annals of hepatology (2024)
Sehr groß Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
In addition, silymarin attenuated liver injury as indicated by the decreased levels of ALT (SMD[95%CI]=-12.39[-19.69, -5.08]) and AST (SMD[95% CI]=-10.97[-15.51, -6.43]).
The levels of fatty liver index (SMD[95%CI]=-6.64[-10.59, -2.69]) and fatty liver score (SMD[95%CI]=-0.51[-0.69, -0.33]) were also decreased.
Liver histology of the intervention group revealed significantly improved hepatic steatosis (OR[95%CI]=3.25[1.80, 5.87]).
9Liver enzyme levelsMeta-Analysen=587 · large study2017
Einfach gesagt: The results showed that SIL reduced the AST and ALT levels more significantly than the control group (AST UI/L: MD = -6.57; 95% CI, -10.03 to -3.12; P = .0002; ALT UI/L: MD = -9.16; 95% CI, -16.24 to -2.08; P = .01).
Zhong S et al. · Medicine (Baltimore) (2017)
Spürbar Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
The results showed that SIL reduced the AST and ALT levels more significantly than the control group (AST UI/L: MD = -6.57; 95% CI, -10.03 to -3.12; P = .0002; ALT UI/L: MD = -9.16; 95% CI, -16.24 to -2.08; P = .01).
Compared with other interventions, there were significant differences decreasing AST and ALT levels when SIL was used alone.
SIL has positive efficacy to reduce transaminases levels in NAFLD patients.
10Child-Pugh score improvementSystematische Übersichtn=613 · large study2023
Einfach gesagt: However, due to the limited number of studies, further high-quality studies are warranted.
Amini S et al. · Phytotherapy research : PTR (2023)
An article including four patients investigated the effect of ginseng on cirrhosis; two patients reported improvement in the Child-Pugh score, and ascites decreased in two.
All studies included here reported no or negligible side effects.
Results showed that medicinal plants including silymarin, curcumin, and ginseng have beneficial effects on cirrhosis.
1150% decrease or normalisation of liver enzymesMeta-Analysen=2,471 · very large study2021
Einfach gesagt: In management RCTs, the efficacy parameter was usually 50 % decrease or normalisation of liver enzymes, or survival rate in DILI-related ALF patients.
Niu H et al. · Pharmacological research (2021)
In management RCTs, the efficacy parameter was usually 50 % decrease or normalisation of liver enzymes, or survival rate in DILI-related ALF patients.
In conclusion, heterogeneity among studies in DILI case qualification and methodologic quality was evident, and the RCTs performed demonstrated limited efficacy of specific interventions.
International research networks are needed to establish a framework on RCTs design and therapeutic endpoints.
12Liver enzymes reductionMeta-Analysen=2,173 · very large study2022
Einfach gesagt: Based on current evidence, curcumin can reduce BMI, TG, TC, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance; catechin can reduce BMI, insulin resistance, and TG effectively; silymarin can reduce liver enzymes.
Yang K et al. · Frontiers in immunology (2022)
Based on current evidence, curcumin can reduce BMI, TG, TC, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance; catechin can reduce BMI, insulin resistance, and TG effectively; silymarin can reduce liver enzymes.
For resveratrol, naringenin, anthocyanin, hesperidin, and catechin, more RCTs are needed to further evaluate their efficacy and safety.
13Lipid and glucose profileMeta-Analysen=497 · medium study2019
Einfach gesagt: The present findings suggest that the coadministration of berberine and silymarin is associated with an advantageous improvement in lipid and glucose profile, suggesting the possible use of this nutraceutical combination in order to promote the cardiometabolic health.
Fogacci F et al. · Phytotherapy research : PTR (2019)
Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model.
We identified five eligible RCTs, with 497 subjects overall included.
Einfach gesagt: We did not find any significant reduction in liver enzymes following BBR-silymarin consumption in adults.
Mohtashaminia F et al. · Clinical nutrition ESPEN (2022)
Kein klarer Effekt
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Could be chance
Berberis aristate and Silybum marianum resulted in no statistically significant change in ALT (weighted mean differences (WMD): -0.39 mg/dl; 95% CI: -1.67 to 0.89, P = 0.55), and AST (WMD: -0.44 mg/dl; 95% CI: -2.02 to 1.14, P = 0.58).
We did not find any significant reduction in liver enzymes following BBR-silymarin consumption in adults.
Further clinical trials with high quality according to the challenges mentioned seem to be helpful to use BBR-silymarin as a supplement for improving liver function.
15Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injuryMeta-Analysen=1,198 · large study2019
Einfach gesagt: Prophylactic therapy of silymarin is contributed to a noticeably reduced risk of development of anti-TB DILI four weeks after the initiation.
Tao L et al. · Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology (2019)
Sehr groß Nutzen
← SchlechterKein EffektBesser →
Overall, silymarin significantly reduced the occurrence of anti-TB DILI at week 4 [RR: 0.33, 95% CI (0.15, 0.75)].
In addition, silymarin exerted protective effect on liver function in patients undergoing anti-TB drugs [SMD = - 0.15, 95% CI (-0.24, -0.07), P < 0.001 (ALT); SMD =-0.14, 95% CI (-0.23, -0.06), P = 0.001(AST); SMD =-0.12, 95% CI (-0.20, -0.03), P = 0.008 (ALP)].
Silymarin led to similar AEs in placebo groups [OR: 1.09, 95% CI (0.86, 1.39), P = 0.47].
20Inflammation and oxidative stress markersMeta-Analyse2024
Einfach gesagt: Silymarin can help reduce inflammation in patients with diabetes and thalassemia by reducing MDA as an oxidative stress marker and CRP and IL-6 as inflammatory markers.
Bahari H et al. · Inflammopharmacology (2024)
Silymarin can help reduce inflammation in patients with diabetes and thalassemia by reducing MDA as an oxidative stress marker and CRP and IL-6 as inflammatory markers.