Wir verwenden standardmäßig essenzielle Cookies (Anmeldung, deine gespeicherten Ziele/Stacks). Mit deiner Erlaubnis aktivieren wir außerdem datenschutzfreundliche Analytik (Vercel Web Analytics, anonyme Ladezeit-Metriken) und Fehler-Replay-Diagnostik (Sentry — DOM-Snapshots nur, wenn ein Fehler auftritt), damit wir Bugs schneller beheben können. Mehr über Cookies erfahren

Tmg5.8

TMG – Forschung

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

13 begutachtete Studien

Was die Evidenz sagt

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

Die meisten Studien zu TMG sind mechanistisch oder beobachtend statt RCTs, die einen klinischen Effekt messen — betrachte die Ergebnisse als vorläufig.

Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2017–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 44 Teilnehmenden.

Basierend auf 13 Studien · 4 Meta-Analysen · 4 RCTs · 117 Teilnehmende insgesamt

Konfidenz

Hohe Konfidenz

Nach Outcome

Endurance & exercise performanceKann Ausdauer/Zeitfahrleistung moderat verbessern · 2-6 weeks
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Heart & blood pressure
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Cholesterol & lipids
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung3 Studien
Muscle strength & powerModerate Verbesserungen der Kraft und Leistungsabgabe · 2-6 weeks
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Recovery
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie

Aktives Forschungsgebiet

12 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2024

20172026

1RCT2022

Machek SB, Harris DR, Zawieja EE, Heileson JL, Wilburn DT, Radziejewska A · Nutrients (2022)

Quelle ansehen

2Übersicht2025

Einfach gesagt: A deeper understanding of betaine may help elucidate crucial molecular mechanisms underlying its effects and offer theoretical insights for developing exercise-mimicking foods, supplements, and drugs, which are expected to benefit the human health.

Xu Y, Gao J, Wang M, Zhang H. · Frontiers in nutrition (2025)

As the global population ages, chronic diseases are posing the primary threat to the health of the elderly, significantly increasing the medical pressure on families and society.
Although exercise is a primary intervention for preventing and treating chronic diseases, many elderly individuals have motor disabilities.
Therefore, researchers are exploring natural products that mimic the therapeutic effects of exercise in individuals who are unable to exercise.

Quelle ansehen

3Übersicht2025

Einfach gesagt: These pieces of evidence are of great importance for deepening our understanding of the antidepressant mechanism of betaine, so as to develop betaine supplements for the supplementary treatment of depression.

Zhang YY, Cheng YY, Guan W. · Current drug targets (2025)

Interestingly, accumulating evidence has shown that betaine exerts a significant role in alleviating depressive-like behavior in patients and animals resulting from chronic stress.
Although the antidepressant effects of betaine have not been compared with traditional antidepressants with insufficient verification, based on the neurobiological mechanisms of depression, it may be a potential alternative medicine for the treatment of depression.
This is the first review aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the remarkable effects of betaine in the pathophysiology of depression.

Quelle ansehen

4Systematische Übersicht2026

Einfach gesagt: This systematic-review examined the effects of TMG.

Liu Y, Li Q, Liu R, Wang Z, Zhao S. · Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (2026)

Systematic review examining TMG efficacy
Published in Foods (Basel, Switzerland) (2026)
Further research warranted to confirm findings

5Meta-Analyse2024

Einfach gesagt: In conclusion, betaine supplementation for at least 7 days significantly enhances muscular strength, especially lower body strength, and shows potential in improving vertical jumping performance.

Zawieja E et al. · Journal of sports sciences (2024)

Significant effect on maximal strength (SMD 0.47, 95% CI 0.04-0.89), particularly lower body
No significant effects on upper body strength, sprint power, or muscular endurance
17 studies, 317 participants

Quelle ansehen

6Meta-Analyse2021

Einfach gesagt: Supplementation with at least 4 g/d of betaine for a minimum of six weeks may moderately increase plasma TC, which might be important in the context of cardiovascular health.

Zawieja EE et al. · Journal of dietary supplements (2021)

Moderately increased total cholesterol (pooled +0.34 mmol/L, p = 0.0352) at ≥4 g/d
No significant effect on LDL, HDL, or triglycerides in this analysis
A meaningful trade-off at higher doses; important caution for cardiovascular risk

Quelle ansehen

7Meta-Analyse2022

Einfach gesagt: Betaine supplementation had a significant effect on concentrations of betaine ... total cholesterol (TC) (MD: 14.12 mg/dl, 95% CI%: 9.23 to 19.02), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD: 10.26 mg/dl, 95% CI: 6.14 to 14.38)], homocysteine (WMD: -1.30 micromol/L, 95% CI: -1.61 to -0.98)

Ashtary-Larky D et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2022)

Significantly lowered homocysteine (WMD -1.30 µmol/L)
Raised total cholesterol and LDL; no effect on TG, HDL, glucose, CRP, or blood pressure
Doses <4 g/d lowered homocysteine without the lipid-augmenting effect seen at ≥4 g/d

Quelle ansehen

8Meta-Analyse2022

Einfach gesagt: The present systematic review and meta-analysis does not show any beneficial effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (BM, BMI, FM and FFM).

Ashtary-Larky D et al. · The British journal of nutrition (2022)

No significant change in body fat or lean mass
Tempers fat-loss claims
Performance effects are separate from body composition

Quelle ansehen

9Systematische Übersicht2017

Einfach gesagt: This review highlights the lack of evidence for a clear ergogenic effect of BET supplementation on strength and power performance.

Ismaeel A et al. · Journal of strength and conditioning research (2017)

Only 2 of 7 trials reported strength/power increases; the remaining 5 showed no change
Effects modest and not universal
Additional studies needed to evaluate effectiveness

Quelle ansehen

10RCTn=44 · small study2026

Einfach gesagt: Betaine 8, 4, and 2 g/day for 12-24 weeks significantly reduced ALT and other serologic markers of liver injury among participants with clinically defined MASLD and an elevated ALT.

Lim AS et al. · Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) (2026)

The primary outcome was the percent decline in the abnormal component of ALT (ie, ALT >30 for males or >25 for females).
At baseline, more than 75% of participants had NASH when tested by the MASEF score.
Approximately 35% reported mild, transient gastrointestinal symptoms.

Quelle ansehen

11RCTn=52 · small study2026

Einfach gesagt: This work provides a theoretical basis for nutritional intervention strategies for obesity and resulting metabolic diseases.

Zhang L et al. · Nutricion hospitalaria (2026)

However, the observation group exhibited superior reductions in BMI (t = 7.329, p < 0.001) and WHR (Z = 7.059, p < 0.001) compared to controls.
Additionally, the betaine group achieved greater improvements in FBG (t = 5.570), TG (Z = 3.988), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (Z = 6.929), Hcy (Z = 6.400), and AIP (t = 6.794) (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: betaine-containing nutrients applied in overweight and obese patients with HHcy are capable of effectively decreasing Hcy levels and improving constitution parameters plus glycolipid metabolism indicators in such patients.

Quelle ansehen

12Crossovern=21 · very small study2025

Einfach gesagt: Betaine supplementation modestly improved 60 km cycling performance but had no effect on gut permeability.

Nieman DC et al. · Nutrients (2025)

Time to complete 60 km differed significantly (-1.41 min; effect size 0.475, p = 0.042)
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover (3 g/d, 2 weeks)
Supports an ergogenic effect on endurance

Quelle ansehen

13Übersicht2025

Einfach gesagt: Evidence suggests that betaine may counteract aging-related changes in methylation potential by increasing concentration of S-adenosylmethionine, a key methyl donor. Additionally, betaine reduces homocysteine concentrations, potentially mitigating vascular, neurodegenerative, and oxidative damage.

Zawieja E et al. · Ageing research reviews (2025)

Methyl-donor and osmolyte roles; raises S-adenosylmethionine
Reduces homocysteine; enhances mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress
No clear link established between dietary betaine and CVD or type-2 diabetes incidence

Quelle ansehen

In der Forschungsbibliothek ansehen

TMG – Forschung

Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung

The Impacts of Combined Blood Flow Restriction Training and Betaine Supplementation on One-Leg Press Muscular Endurance, Exercise-Associated Lactate Concentrations, Serum Metabolic Biomarkers, and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Gene Expression.

Exercise-mimicking effects of betaine in chronic disease prevention and management

Betaine, a Potential Therapeutic Alternative for the Treatment of Depression

Exploring the Multifunctional Roles of Betaine: Traditional Applications, Emerging Technologies, and Green Chemistry Innovations

Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Betaine Supplementation Moderately Increases Total Cholesterol Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Effects of betaine supplementation on cardiovascular markers: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Betaine supplementation fails to improve body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Power: A Systematic Review.

Pilot trials of oral betaine in participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and elevated alanine aminotransferase

Effects of betaine-containing nutrients on homocysteine levels and glucose-lipid metabolism in overweight and obese patients with hyperhomocysteinemia

Betaine Supplementation Improves 60 km Cycling Time Trial Performance and One-Carbon Metabolism in Cyclists During Recovery.

Betaine and aging: A narrative review of findings, possible mechanisms, research perspectives, and practical recommendations.