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Tyr6.0
Tyrosine – Forschung
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
51 begutachtete Studien
Was die Evidenz sagt
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung
Die meisten Studien zu Tyrosine sind mechanistisch oder beobachtend statt RCTs, die einen klinischen Effekt messen — betrachte die Ergebnisse als vorläufig.
Die meiste Evidenz stammt aus hochwertigen Meta-Analysen und randomisierten Studien, veröffentlicht 2015–2026 mit einer typischen Studiengröße von 760 Teilnehmenden.
Basierend auf 51 Studien · 24 Meta-Analysen · 14 RCTs · 116,477 Teilnehmende insgesamt
Konfidenz
Hohe Konfidenz
Nach Outcome
Cognitive functionVerbessert das Arbeitsgedächtnis unter Stress und kognitiver Belastung · 30-60 Minuten
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung12 Studien
Therapeutic & clinical
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung12 Studien
Safety profile
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung7 Studien
Anxiety & stressKann die Stressreaktion in akuten Situationen verringern · 30-60 Minuten · Erhaltene kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit unter akutem Stress · 30-60 Minuten (akut)
Überwiegend Mechanismus / Beobachtung6 Studien
Endurance & exercise performance
Zu wenige bewertete Studien2 Studien
Focus & attentionErhält die Konzentrationsfähigkeit bei Stress und Ermüdung · 30-60 Minuten
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Depression & moodAls Vorstufe von Dopamin und Noradrenalin unterstützt es Motivation und Antrieb · 30-60 Minuten
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
Heart & blood pressure
Zu wenige bewertete Studien1 Studie
In Zahlen
Aus 10 Studien mit messbaren Effekten gezogen
Untersuchte Personen
116k
typische Studie: 760 Personen
Stärkste Designs
38
24 gepoolt, 14 randomisiert
Wie lange Studien liefen
Unter einer Woche
1
Untersuchte Populationen
Healthy adults2
Military personnel1
Adults with phenylketonuria1
Clinical and healthy populations under stress1
Aktives Forschungsgebiet
48 Studien in den letzten 5 Jahren · Neueste Meta-Analyse: 2026
201520202026
1Meta-Analysen=4,909 · very large study2026
However, standardized assessment and prospective studies are warranted to define its utility for risk stratification and therapeutic targeting.
Alibeiginejad MH, Esmaielpour A, Tsuboi I, Matsukawa A, Yanagisawa T, Mori K, Kardoust Parizi M. · International journal of molecular sciences (2026)
HER2 expression was significantly associated with inferior RFS (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.16-2.42; p = 0.005) and CSS (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.68; p = 0.004), but not with OS (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.54-1.80) or PFS (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.50-1.89), in patients with advanced UC.
Seventeen studies comprising 4909 patients were eligible.
In conclusion, tumor HER2 expression may identify a subgroup of patients with advanced UC at increased risk of recurrence and cancer-specific mortality, supporting its potential role as a prognostic biomarker.
The impact of liver function on fatal toxicity remains uncertain and warrants further investigation.
Trovato G, Chiofalo L, Calegari MA, Salvatore L, Tortora G, Basso M. · Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (2026)
TRD occurred in 50 patients treated with ICI combinations (1.49%) and in 17 receiving TKI (0.71%).
ICI combinations were associated with a significantly increased risk of TRD compared with TKI monotherapy (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.18-3.65, p = 0.01).
In a subgroup analysis according to type of ICI combination, dual ICI therapy showed a significantly increased risk of TRD (RR 3.38; p = 0.008), whereas anti-PD-1 + anti-VEGF(R) (RR 1.23; p = 0.62) and anti-PD-L1 + anti-VEGF(R) (RR 2.87; p = 0.17) did not reach statistically significance.
These findings support the broader adoption of dual HER2 blockade and highlight the need for further prospective real-world studies to refine treatment strategies for specific patient subgroups.
Matsas S, Zembala J, Ruiz Simões A, Giuliani Schmitt L, Abdou Y, Del Giglio A. · Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP (2026)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab has significantly improved prognosis, and the addition of pertuzumab has further enhanced the treatment response.
Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for pCR, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated.
The pooled odds ratio (OR) showed significantly higher pCR rates with dual HER2 blockade (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.56-2.09), with no observed heterogeneity (I² = 0%).
Guan C, Zhang R, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Yu L, Cui H, Jiang L, Wu T, Liu F, Wu Y, Huang L, Nan H, Wang J, Xu P. · Frontiers in immunology (2026)
Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models based on heterogeneity.
Meta-analysis demonstrated a significant protective effect of vaccination against COVID-19 infection (fixed-effects model: OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.20-0.26], P < 0.001).
Conversely, vaccination was not associated with a statistically significant increase in MG exacerbation (random-effects model: OR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.10-4.54], P = 0.68).
Conclusions Pooled randomized evidence supports a clinically meaningful benefit of oral SERDs over standard ET after endocrine progression in HR + /HER2-ABC, with the strongest and most consistent efficacy observed in ESR1-mutated disease.
Rodrigues LLC, de Holanda Jucá Silveira L, de Almeida LFC, de Freitas BG, Filho VOC, Noronha MM, Yabrude ATZ, Morales RG, de Melo AC, da Silva JL, Tarantino P, Batalini F. · Breast cancer research and treatment (2026)
Oral SERDs improved PFS versus standard ET in the overall population (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70 to 0.89).
ORR was higher with oral SERDs (odds ratio [OR] 1.67; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.28), corresponding to absolute response rates of approximately 21% versus 14%.
An OS improvement was observed (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.90), although follow-up was limited.
Sun T, Zhao R, Zhang C, Shan X, Zhang Y, Zheng Y. · Frontiers in immunology (2026)
However, methodological quality of included RCTs was limited, and a comprehensive safety assessment is limited by lack of data on thymosin-specific side effects.
However, given limited quality of RCTs and presence of publication bias, these conclusions require validation through additional large-scale, high-quality prospective research.
Head-to-head trials and assay standardization, especially for tumor mutational burden, remain priorities.
Balaha M, Aldosari SA, Alamer AA, Ahmed N, Balaha MF. · Oncology research (2026)
Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for time-to-event outcomes, and restricted mean survival times were used when the proportional hazards assumption was violated.
In metastatic colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), PD-1 blockade significantly increased PFS and five-year OS despite crossover, with restricted mean survival time gains of about 11 months.
Conclusion: Biomarker-matched therapies confer significant survival benefits with predictable toxicities.
Zhao Y, Chen B, Zhao X, Yang R, He W, Li D, Sun Q, Zhang J, Liu X. · Frontiers in immunology (2026)
A random-effects model was employed for network meta-analysis, with dichotomous and continuous variables analyzed using odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) as effect measures to compare various interventions.
Regarding adverse events leading to study discontinuation, the optimal and least favorable interventions were Fingolimod (0.25 mg; SUCRA = 83.1%) and Siponimod (10 mg; SUCRA = 3.1%), respectively.
Conclusions This NMA demonstrated that Siponimod (2mg) is the most efficacious therapeutic intervention; FIN (0.25 mg) exhibited relative safety advantages in terms of DAE, though this dosage constitutes an exploratory regimen and should not serve as the basis for routine clinical medication.
These results suggest that PE/T may represent a rare but clinically meaningful cardiac toxicity of BTKi therapy.
Hofstetter L, Shimony S, Sherban A, Raanani P, Itchaki G. · Leukemia & lymphoma (2026)
In our institutional cohort ( n = 750), PE/T prevalence was 2.6% among BTKi-treated patients vs. 0.17% in non-BTKi-treated patients (RR 15.48; p = 0.0072).
In the HMO registry ( n = 5917), BTKi-associated PE/T prevalence was 0.78%, with an RR of 3.09 ( p = 0.029).
The meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk of PE/T with BTKi therapy (OR 3.25; 95% CI 1.02-10.35; p = 0.01; I 2 =0%).
Conclusions First-line anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy combinations significantly improve survival and response outcomes over sunitinib in advanced RCC, with consistent efficacy across PD-1 subtypes and PD-L1 expression groups.
Ben Kridis W, Khanfir A. · Urology practice (2026)
Anti-PD-1-based regimens significantly improved OS (pooled HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.53-0.83) and progression-free survival (pooled HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-0.67) compared with sunitinib, with consistent gains in objective response rate.
Subgroup analyses showed benefit irrespective of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status: pooled HRs for OS were 0.54 (95% CI 0.42-0.68) in PD-L1-negative and 0.53 (95% CI 0.38-0.74) in PD-L1-positive tumors.
Conclusions First-line anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy combinations significantly improve survival and response outcomes over sunitinib in advanced RCC, with consistent efficacy across PD-1 subtypes and PD-L1 expression groups.
Conclusion SYK inhibitors may represent promising treatment options for chronic primary ITP; however, the small number of trials and limited head-to-head evidence warrant cautious interpretation, particularly regarding comparisons across agents.
Pereira NLC, Santos LOS, Oliveira Torres FB, Costa MV, Saldanha A. · Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis (2026)
Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled.
SYK inhibitors significantly improved stable response versus placebo (RR 17.77; 95% CI 5.13-61.61; P < 0.00001), a large effect influenced by very low response rates in placebo groups.
Overall response was also higher (RR 4.17; 95% CI 2.63-6.61; P < 0.0001).
Shahzad M, Amin MK, Kasaeian A, Tariq SM, Oskouie IM, Akram U, Aziz N, Warraich SZ, Khalid MF, Anwar I, Mushtaq MU, Jaglal M. · American journal of clinical oncology (2026)
Immunotherapy did not significantly improve overall response rate (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.92-1.55) or partial response rate (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.54-1.94) compared with control, though it was associated with improved complete response (RR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.34-1.97).
Immunotherapy was also associated with higher therapy-related adverse events (RR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04-1.60).
The pooled complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease rates were 9, 27, 51, and 23%, respectively.
These results underscore the need for individualized risk assessment and further research to inform prevention strategies.
Srisurapanont K, Meejun T, Manothummetha K, Li LX, Baddley JW, Schulz CA, Dioverti-Prono MV, Zhang SX, Avery RK, Kates OS, Permpalung N. · Blood advances (2026)
Aspergillosis was the most frequently reported IFI (1.76%), followed by pneumocystosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis.
The risk factors significantly associated with proven/probable IFIs were concurrent corticosteroid use (odds ratio [OR], 5.03; 95% CI, 2.31-10.92) and ≥3 previous lines of therapy (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.54-6.88).
Across clinical trials, the prevalence of fungal infections varied across BTKI agents, ranging from 2.50% with tirabrutinib, to 0.62% with pirtobrutinib.
Huang IH, Wu PC, Yeh CN, Chi CC. · British journal of pharmacology (2026)
A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Patients who developed VEGFR-TKI-induced HFSR showed better OS (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.49-0.60) and PFS (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.53-0.65) compared with those who did not.
Subgroup analysis revealed significantly improved OS and PFS in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer or non-small cell lung cancer who developed VEGFR-TKI-induced HFSR.
This comprehensive review explores L-DOPA's synthesis, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and its evolving role in neurological diseases, while highlighting ongoing challenges and future directions for optimizing its clinical application.
Kulkarni SR et al. · Molecular and cellular biochemistry (2025)
However, long-term use is associated with challenges such as motor fluctuations, dyskinesias, and loss of therapeutic efficacy due to progressive neurodegeneration and alterations in dopaminergic pathways.
Recent advancements in drug delivery systems, combination therapies, and nanotechnology, including plant-derived carbon dots, offer promising strategies to enhance L-DOPA's effectiveness while mitigating its limitations.
This comprehensive review explores L-DOPA's synthesis, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and its evolving role in neurological diseases, while highlighting ongoing challenges and future directions for optimizing its clinical application.
Williamson G et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2025)
Ca 30% of publications report bioactivity at ≤1 μmol/L.
Free-living and washout plasma data are scarce.
Some metabolites have been overlooked, notably phenyl-lactic, phenyl-hydracrylic and phenyl-propanoic acids, especially those from amino acids plus glycine, hydroxy-glycine and glutamine conjugates.