Age9.0

Aged Garlic Extract Research

39 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 9/10

Interventions to Attenuate Cardiovascular Calcification Progression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Murali S et al. • Journal of the American Heart Association (2023)

Currently, there are insufficient or conflicting data for interventions evaluated in clinical trials for mitigation of cardiovascular calcification.

Currently, there are insufficient or conflicting data for interventions evaluated in clinical trials for mitigation of cardiovascular calcification.
Therapy involving aged garlic extract appears most promising, but evaluable studies were small and of short duration.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Systematic Reviewn=9,901

DOI

Effects of aged garlic extract on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Saadh MJ et al. • Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators (2024)

The results of this study suggest that AGE supplements may be beneficial for improving blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but significant effects are observed only at doses over 1200 mg/day.

AGE tea supplementation reduces systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD: -4.03; %95CI: -6.87, -1.20; I2: 57.1 %) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -1.44; 95 % CI= -2.87, -0.02; P = 0.052; I2: 36.8 %; P: 0.105).
Moreover, subgroup analysis indicated that higher doses of AGE supplementation in hypertensive patients significantly decreased DBP, and SBP.
The results of this study suggest that AGE supplements may be beneficial for improving blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but significant effects are observed only at doses over 1200 mg/day.

Meta-Analysisn=584

DOI

Effect of garlic extract on markers of lipid metabolism and inflammation in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gadidala SK et al. • Phytotherapy research : PTR (2023)

However, garlic could be considered a safe natural medicine to debilitate inflammation in CAD patients.

The standardized mean difference with 95% CI was calculated using fixed-effect or random-effect models.
In the case of subgroup analysis, the overall effect was significantly effective in reducing TC, LDL levels and improving HDL levels in CV risk patients.
Our study findings provide consistent evidence that intake of garlic reduces CVD risk factors.

Meta-Analysis

DOI

A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for the effects of garlic on serum lipid profiles

Zeng T et al. • Journal of the science of food and agriculture (2012)

Garlic could reduce serum TC and TG levels, and garlic therapy should benefit patients with risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Compared with the placebo groups, serum TC and TG levels in the garlic group were reduced by 0.28 (95% CI, -0.45, -0.11) mmol L⁻¹ (P = 0.001) and 0.13 (95% CI, -0.20, -0.06) mmol L⁻¹ (P < 0.001), respectively.
Garlic could reduce serum TC and TG levels, and garlic therapy should benefit patients with risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysisn=26

DOI

Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review

De Greef D et al. • Seminars in cancer biology (2021)

This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.

This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.
Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement, bioavailability, and method of delivery are addressed.
Overall, it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review, future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents.

Systematic Review

DOI

Nutraceuticals with a clinically detectable blood pressure-lowering effect: a review of available randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses

Borghi C et al. • British journal of clinical pharmacology (2017)

Some nutraceuticals might have a positive impact on BP in humans.

Some nutraceuticals might have a positive impact on BP in humans.
Further clinical research is needed, to identify from the available active nutraceuticals those with the best cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit ratio for widespread and long-term use in the general population with a low-added cardiovascular risk related to uncomplicated hypertension.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysis

DOI

Effects of garlic supplementation on serum inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Mirzavandi F et al. • Diabetes & metabolic syndrome (2020)

This meta-analysis showed that supplementation with garlic could reduce the level of circulating CRP and AGE could reduce the level of TNF-α and CRP, whereas it had no significant effect on the IL-6 level.

Garlic supplementation significantly reduced the level of circulating CRP (P < 0.05), whereas it did not have any significant effect on IL-6 level (p > 0.05).
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Meta-Analysisn=17

DOI

Does garlic reduce risk of colorectal cancer? A systematic review

Ngo SN et al. • The Journal of nutrition (2007)

On balance, there is consistent scientific evidence derived from RCT of animal studies reporting protective effects of garlic on CRC despite great heterogeneity of measures of intakes among human epidemiological studies.

One randomized controlled trial (RCT, level II) reported a statistically significant 29% reduction in both size and number of colon adenomas in CRC patients taking aged garlic extract.
A published meta-analysis (level III) of 7 of these studies confirmed this inverse association, with a 30% reduction in relative risk.
Five of 8 case control/cohort studies (level III) suggested a protective effect of high intake of raw/cooked garlic and 2 of 8 of these studies suggested a protective effect for distal colon.

Systematic Review

DOI

The effect of aged garlic extract on the atherosclerotic process - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Wlosinska M et al. • BMC complementary medicine and therapies (2020)

AGE inhibits CAC progression, lowers IL-6, glucose levels and blood pressure in patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events in a European cohort.

There was a significant (p < 0.05) change in CAC progression (OR: 2.95 [1.05-8.27]), blood glucose (OR: 3.1 [1.09-8.85]) and IL-6 (OR 2.56 [1.00-6.53]) in favor of the active group.
The AGE Algorithm, at a selected probability cut-off value of 0.5, the accuracy score for CAC progression was 80%, precision score of 79% and recall score 83%.
The score for blood pressure was 74% (accuracy, precision and recall).

RCTn=104

DOI

Aged garlic extract preserves cutaneous microcirculation in patients with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases: A double-blinded placebo-controlled study

Wlosinska M et al. • International wound journal (2019)

Cutaneous microcirculation was measured at 0 and 12 months using laser Doppler velocimetry.
A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction determined that mean post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia differed significantly between time points.
Increased microcirculation could hypothetically facilitate wound healing.© 2019 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

RCTn=122

DOI

Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Moderate Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Sustainedand Controlled Study

Valls RM et al. • Nutrients (2022)

The potential beneficial effects of ABG may contribute to obtaining an optimal DBP.

At 6 weeks, ABG extract reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mean (95% CI) −5.85 (−10.5; −1.3) mm Hg) compared to the placebo, particularly in men with a DBP > 75 mm Hg.
Blood and pulse pressure and other CVD risk biomarkers were determined at the beginning and end of each intervention.
The consumption of an improved ABG extract with 1.25 mg of SAC decreased DBP, particularly in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia.

Crossovern=67

DOI

Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial

Serrano JCE et al. • Nutrients (2023)

It was concluded that low-dose SAC supplementation in an optimized black-garlic extract allows for an extra-significant reduction in blood pressure in a Grade I hypertensive population receiving drug treatment.

A reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 1.8 mmHg (0.7 to 4.1 95% CI) and 1.5 mmHg (0.3 to 3.0 95% CI), respectively, was observed.
It was concluded that low-dose SAC supplementation in an optimized black-garlic extract allows for an extra-significant reduction in blood pressure in a Grade I hypertensive population receiving drug treatment.
No changes in endothelial function and inflammatory cytokines were observed.

RCT

DOI

The Efficacy of Aged Garlic Extract on Gingivitis - A Randomized Clinical Trial

Zini A et al. • The Journal of clinical dentistry (2018)

This research demonstrated that daily consumption of AGE benefits oral health by reducing gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding, as compared to a placebo control.

One hundred and fifty-one participants followed the inclusion criteria; 50.3% males, with an average age of 32.7 ± 8.2 years.
Only 134 subjects completed the four-month study (11.3% attrition rate).
A statistically significant decrease of the Modified Gingival Index and Gingival Bleeding Index scores was shown for the AGE compared to the placebo group, both between and within groups (p < 0.001).

RCTn=134

Aged Garlic Extract Modifies Human Immunity

Percival SS • The Journal of nutrition (2016)

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01390116.

After 90 d, although the number of illnesses was not significantly different, the AGE group showed reduced cold and flu severity, with a reduction in the number of symptoms, the number of days participants functioned suboptimally, and the number of work/school days missed.
These results suggest that AGE supplementation may enhance immune cell function and may be partly responsible for the reduced severity of colds and flu reported.
The results also suggest that the immune system functions well with AGE supplementation, perhaps with less accompanying inflammation.

RCTn=120

DOI

Aged garlic extract supplementation modifies inflammation and immunity of adults with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Xu C et al. • Clinical nutrition ESPEN (2018)

Six weeks of AGE consumption modulated immune cell distribution, prevented the increase of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and reduced blood LDL concentration in adults with obesity.

There was no difference in percentage of NK cells between the two groups.
Six weeks of AGE consumption modulated immune cell distribution, prevented the increase of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and reduced blood LDL concentration in adults with obesity.
AGE, taken consistently, may be beneficial in preventing the development of chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation in adults with obesity.

RCTn=51

DOI

The effects of garlic extract upon endothelial function, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in adults with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. A pilot double blind randomized placebo controlled trial

Atkin M et al. • Journal of diabetes and its complications (2016)

In this group of type 2 diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk, 4 weeks treatment with AGE did not significantly improve endothelial function, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress or insulin resistance.

Of the 26 patients studied (male 17, female 9), age was 61 ± 8 years (mean ± 1 SD), HbA1c 7.2 ± 1.1%, BP 130/75 ± 15.9/9.8 mmHg, total cholesterol 4.2 ± 0.81 mmol/l, triglyceride 2.11 ± 1.51 mmol/l, and HDL cholesterol 1.04 ± 0.29 mmol/l.
The majority of patients were being treated with metformin (59%), aspirin (50%) and statin (96%) therapy. 36% were treated with an ACEI.
In this group of type 2 diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk, 4 weeks treatment with AGE did not significantly improve endothelial function, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress or insulin resistance.

RCTn=26

DOI

Aged Garlic Extract Reduces Low Attenuation Plaque in Coronary Arteries of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study

Matsumoto S et al. • The Journal of nutrition (2016)

This study indicates that the %LAP change was significantly greater in the AGE group than in the placebo group.

The %LAP change was significantly reduced in the AGE group compared with the placebo group (-1.5% ± 2.3% compared with 0.2% ± 2.0%, P = 0.0049).
In contrast, no difference was observed in %TPV change (0.3% ± 3.3% compared with 1.6% ± 3.0%, P = 0.13), %NCP change (0.2% ± 3.3% compared with 1.4% ± 2.9%, P = 0.14), and %DC change (0.2% ± 1.4%, compared with 0.2% ± 1.7%, P = 0.99).
Multivariable linear regression analysis found a beneficial effect of AGE on %LAP regression (β: -1.61; 95% CI: -2.79, -0.43; P = 0.008).

RCTn=27

DOI

Aged garlic extract improves adiponectin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study

Gómez-Arbeláez D et al. • Mediators of inflammation (2013)

The present results have shown for the first time that the administration of AGE for 12 weeks increased plasma adiponectin levels in patients with MS.

The administration of AGE increased the plasma levels of adiponectin (P = 0.027).
The present results have shown for the first time that the administration of AGE for 12 weeks increased plasma adiponectin levels in patients with MS.
This suggests that AGE might be a useful, novel, nonpharmacological therapeutic intervention to increase adiponectin and to prevent cardiovascular (CV) complications in individuals with MS.

Crossovern=46

DOI

Aged garlic extract and immune function

Nantz MP et al. • Clinical Nutrition (2012)

AGE enhanced immune cell function and reduced cold/flu severity.

Enhanced NK and γδ-T cell function
Reduced cold/flu severity
Fewer sick days

RCTn=120

DOI

Improved microvascular reactivity after aged garlic extract intake is not mediated by hydrogen sulfide in older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized clinical trial

Leitão R et al. • European journal of nutrition (2022)

This study demonstrated that a single dose of AGE improved microvascular reactivity in older adults at risk of CVD despite such an effect was not linked with urinary thiosulfate levels.

The upslope of StO2 was significantly faster after AGE (1.01 ± 0.37% s-1) intake compared to PLA (0.83 ± 0.35% s-1; P < 0.001; d = 0.50).
Relative changes in Δ% SBP from pre- to post-AGE intake (- 5.17 ± 5.77%) was significantly different compared to Δ% PLA (0.32 ± 5.99%; P = 0.001; d = 0.93).
This study demonstrated that a single dose of AGE improved microvascular reactivity in older adults at risk of CVD despite such an effect was not linked with urinary thiosulfate levels.

RCTn=28

DOI

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