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Lt4.0
Luteolin Research
Likely helps
59 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Likely helps
Luteolin appears to help in 4 of 4 studies with measurable effects — the evidence leans clearly favourable.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2013–2026 with a typical study size of 185 participants.
Based on 59 studies · 4 meta-analyses · 16 RCTs · 4,308 total participants
Anxiety & stressAnxiolytic properties via GABAergic and anti-neuroinflammatory pathways · 2-4 weeks
Too few graded studies1 study
Energy & fatigue
Too few graded studies1 study
By the numbers
Pulled from 34 studies with measurable effects
Likely real effects
100%
across studies
People studied
4,308
typical study: 185 people
Strongest designs
20
4 pooled, 16 randomised
Showed benefit
100%
4/4 studies
How long studies ran
1–3 months
1
3+ months
3
Populations Studied
Neurodegenerative disease patients2
Not specified2
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients1
CNS injury patients1
Active research area
51 studies in the last 5 years · Latest meta-analysis: 2026
201320192026
1Systematic ReviewCited 26×n=1,140 · large study2023
The results of a meta-analysis of 12 RCTs indicate that TCM intervention can improve the clinical treatment efficacy of CAG.
Weng J et al. · Annals of medicine (2023)
The results of a meta-analysis of 12 RCTs indicate that TCM intervention can improve the clinical treatment efficacy of CAG.
NPAs identified seven hub TCM and 13 target genes associated with their actions, while bioinformatics analysis identified two DEGs between normal and CAG gastric tissues.
Finally, molecular docking was employed to reveal the mechanism of action of the active molecules in TCM on the DEGs.
2Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment efficacyMeta-Analysisn=896 · large study2024
These results provided scientific basis for the clinical use of Danhong injection for the treatment of IPF, and provided a new direction to explore the potential mechanism of action of Danhong injection.
Wu X et al. · Medicine (2024)
These results provided scientific basis for the clinical use of Danhong injection for the treatment of IPF, and provided a new direction to explore the potential mechanism of action of Danhong injection.
3Neuroprotection in brain and spinal cord injurySystematic ReviewCited 13×2025
Faysal M et al. · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology (2025)
Flavonoids can enhance injury healing, reduce lesion size, and enhance synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.
The full potential of flavonoids lies in their bioavailability, dose, and administration methods, but there are still challenges to overcome.
This review explores flavonoid-induced neuroprotection, its clinical implications, future research opportunities, and molecular mechanisms, highlighting the potential for innovative CNS injury therapies and improved patient health outcomes.
The utilization of natural products holds significant promise for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (ND).
The review provides evidence that natural products and their bioactive compounds could be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
This article delineates the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway's role in ND progression, shedding light on the therapeutic efficacy of natural products and their bioactive constituents that have demonstrated neuroprotective properties.
The primary focus of this systematic review is to analyze the current state of the literature regarding treating liver ailments using extracts from medicinal plants, examining their phytochemical composition, and addressing associated safety considerations.
Gonfa YH et al. · Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences (2025)
The application of natural products derived from medicinal plants in treating liver injuries is rooted in their efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety profile, contributing to their popularity.
Many studies, encompassing in vitro, in vivo, preclinical, and clinical investigations, have demonstrated that the extracts of medicinal plants mitigate chemical-induced liver damage using animal models.
However, intensive research efforts regarding the safety, regulatory standard, and quality control issues for using medicinal plants as hepatoprotective agents remain the strong task of scholars.
Both natural and synthetic NRF2 activators mitigate toxic lipid accumulation and oxidative injury, supporting NRF2 modulation as a promising strategy for preventing and treating lipid metabolic disorders such as NAFLD, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome.
Arif Asghar M et al. · Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology (2025)
Large benefit
← WorseNo effectBetter →
Clinical meta-analysis demonstrated that NRF2 activators reduced toxic lipid parameters, including triglycerides (↓ 21.81%), LDL (↓ 18.36%), and total cholesterol (↓ 14.15%).
Network pharmacology identified 985 overlapping genes linking NRF2 activation to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and fatty acid metabolism.
Sixteen natural and synthetic NRF2 activators were highlighted, with molecular docking showing strong KEAP1 binding by quercetin (-9.2 kcal/mol) and luteolin (-9.2 kcal/mol), consistent with disruption of KEAP1-NRF2 interactions and detoxification pathway activation.
So the synergistic effects of flavonoids with other drugs, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials and the safety of flavonoids are also incorporated in the discussion.
Cao Y et al. · Pharmacological research (2021)
So the synergistic effects of flavonoids with other drugs, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials and the safety of flavonoids are also incorporated in the discussion.
It is believed that more breakthrough studies are needed.
Overall, this review may shed some new light on the explicit recognition of the mechanisms of anti-hypertension actions of flavonoids, pointing out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future researches.
9Brain fog symptoms improvementSystematic ReviewCited 19×n=17 · very small study2024
Two studies showed that the use of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin (PEA-LUT) improved cognitive impairment.
Gorenshtein A et al. · Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology (2024)
Noninvasive brain stimulation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed promising results in the treatment of brain fog symptoms caused by long-COVID, with improved perfusion and cortical excitability.
Furthermore, both rehabilitation strategies and PEA-LUT administration have been associated with improvements in symptoms of brain fog.
Future studies should explore combinations of interventions and include longer follow-up periods to assess the long-term effects of these treatments.
Mapping natural compounds to specific disease stages provides a molecular basis for precision medicine approaches.
Zhang X et al. · International journal of molecular sciences (2026)
During sensitization, flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, baicalin) and polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol) target the epithelial-dendritic cell axis by suppressing alarmin release and blocking dendritic cell maturation.
In acute exacerbation, flavonoids (hispidulin, quercetin) and isoquinoline alkaloids (coptisine) exhibit rapid intervention through mast cell stabilization and neurogenic inflammation suppression.
In chronic remodeling, stilbenes (resveratrol) and flavones (baicalin, baicalein) reverse established structural changes through TGF-β1/Smad, PTEN/PI3K/AKT, and PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β pathways.
The neuroprotective properties of PEA-LUT appear to enhance recovery from post-COVID olfactory dysfunction.
Shi Y et al. · European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2026)
Of the seven studies, five (71.4%) used the full Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) scoresystem to assess olfactory function, while two (28.6%) used only the Identification ("I") subscale; 332 patients (63.2%) received PEA-LUT + OT therapy and 203 (38.8%) received OT alone.
Meta-analysis of these studies showed that patients receiving PEA-LUT combined with OT had significantly higher TDI scores compared to those receiving OT alone (Standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.24-1.58; P < 0.01).
The overall response rate was also significantly higher in the combination group (Risk difference (RD) = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01-0.64; P = 0.04).
16Neuroinflammation modulation in affective disordersReview2026
Future research should prioritize bioavailability-enhanced formulations, standardized clinical trials, and biomarker-guided stratification to fully establish the therapeutic potential of flavonoids in affective disorders.
Rosas-Sánchez GU et al. · International journal of molecular sciences (2026)
This narrative review synthesizes current preclinical and clinical evidence on the role of flavonoids and related natural compounds in modulating neuroinflammation and affective disorders.
Preclinical studies consistently demonstrate anxiolytic and antidepressant effects for compounds such as quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin; however, clinical evidence remains limited and methodologically heterogeneous.
Future research should prioritize bioavailability-enhanced formulations, standardized clinical trials, and biomarker-guided stratification to fully establish the therapeutic potential of flavonoids in affective disorders.
We also suggest simple ways to address some of the key pathogenetic processes involved in ASD.
Katiraei P et al. · International journal of molecular sciences (2026)
Individuals with ASD have a constellation of neurological, behavioral, sensory, feeding, gastrointestinal, and immunological issues.
Here we discuss how various environmental, pathogenic, and stress factors can disrupt gut-brain homeostasis to create susceptibility and epigenetic effects that contribute to the development of ASD.
We also suggest simple ways to address some of the key pathogenetic processes involved in ASD.