Pqq8.0

PQQ Research

35 peer-reviewed studies · Evidence score: 8/10

Comparison of anti-aging effect of PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline quinone) and NMN/NR (Nicotinamide mononucleotide /Nicotinamide riboside) - possible combination use

Ulpathakumbura S et al. • Ageing research reviews (2026)

Despite supporting preliminary data and patented formulations, strong scientific evidence encouraging the synergistic anti-aging potential of PQQ and NMN/NR remains limited, highlighting the need f...

Despite supporting preliminary data and patented formulations, strong scientific evidence encouraging the synergistic anti-aging potential of PQQ and NMN/NR remains limited, highlighting the need for robust studies.
Collectively, PQQ and NMN/NR offer distinct complementary strategies to promote healthy aging and prevent age-related diseases; their combination could offer a more effective approach to enhance healthy aging and longevity.

Systematic Review

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Protective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone in CNS disorders

Aboulhassane S et al. • The Journal of nutritional biochemistry (2026)

This review will address the biochemical properties, mechanism of action, and physiological roles of PQQ with a specific focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as its role i...

This review will address the biochemical properties, mechanism of action, and physiological roles of PQQ with a specific focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as its role in enhancing mitochondrial function.
The therapeutic implications of these findings will be discussed, emphasizing PQQ's potential as a novel pharmacological approach for the management of neurological disorders, including its emerging role in cerebral folate deficiency.

Systematic Review

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Current study on Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases

Xie T et al. • Molecular biology reports (2025)

The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.

By improving cellular energy metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting neuronal survival, PQQ offers a multifaceted approach to counteracting the pathophysiological factors underlying neurodegeneration.
Our review focusing on current study of PQQ on its enhancing neuroplasticity, and protecting neurons from damage induced by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation.
Further we reviewed the significant signaling pathways that involved PQQ neuroprotective mechanisms, positioning it as a novel candidate for future therapeutic strategies targeting these debilitating conditions.

Systematic Review

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The effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt on brain function and physiological processes

Ikemoto K et al. • The journal of medical investigation : JMI (2024)

Invest. 71 : 23-28, February, 2024.

Overall, PQQ is a food with various functions, including brain health benefits.
Invest. 71 : 23-28, February, 2024.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Systematic Review

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Nutraceutical activation of Sirt1: a review

DiNicolantonio JJ et al. • Open heart (2022)

This systematic-review examined the effects of PQQ.

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Systematic Review

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Pyrroloquinoline-Quinone Is More Than an Antioxidant: A Vitamin-like Accessory Factor Important in Health and Disease Prevention

Jonscher KR et al. • Biomolecules (2021)

Taken together, current observations suggest vitamin-like PQQ has strong potential as a potent therapeutic nutraceutical.

Here, we address PQQ's role as an enzymatic cofactor or accessory factor and highlight mechanisms underlying PQQ's actions.
We review both large scale and targeted datasets demonstrating that a neonatal or perinatal PQQ deficiency reduces mitochondria content and mitochondrial-related gene expression.
Data are reviewed that suggest PQQ's modulation of lactate acid and perhaps other dehydrogenases enhance NAD+-dependent sirtuin activity, along with the sirtuin targets, such as PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2 and TFAM; thus, mediating mitochondrial functions.

Systematic Review

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Prolonging healthy aging: Longevity vitamins and proteins

Ames BN • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2018)

Because nutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in the United States (and elsewhere), appropriate supplementation and/or an improved diet could reduce much of the consequent risk of chronic disease and premature aging.

Impairment of the function of longevity proteins results in an insidious acceleration of the risk of diseases associated with aging.
I also propose that nutrients required for the function of longevity proteins constitute a class of vitamins that are here named "longevity vitamins." I suggest that many such nutrients play a dual role for both survival and longevity.
Because nutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in the United States (and elsewhere), appropriate supplementation and/or an improved diet could reduce much of the consequent risk of chronic disease and premature aging.

Systematic Review

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Mini-review: Functions and Action Mechanisms of PQQ in Osteoporosis and Neuro Injury

Wen H et al. • Current stem cell research & therapy (2020)

Owing to the inherent properties of PQQ as an antioxidant and redox modulator in various systems.
In recent years, the role of PQQ in the field of osteoporosis and neuro injury has become a research hotspot.
This article mainly discusses the derivatives, distribution of PQQ, in vitro models of osteoporosis and neuro injury, and the research progress of its mechanism of action.

Systematic Review

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Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone

Akagawa M et al. • Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (2016)

Additionally, we provide an update of its basic pharmacokinetics and safety information in oral ingestion.

Although PQQ is not currently classified as a vitamin, PQQ has been implicated as an important nutrient in mammals.
In recent years, PQQ has been receiving much attention owing to its physiological importance and pharmacological effects.
In this article, we review the potential health benefits of PQQ with a focus on its growth-promoting activity, anti-diabetic effect, anti-oxidative action, and neuroprotective function.

Systematic Review

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Pyrroloquinoline-quinone and its versatile roles in biological processes

Misra HS et al. • Journal of biosciences (2012)

This review discusses different findings suggesting the versatility in PQQ functions and provides the most plausible intellectual basis to the ubiquitous roles of this compound in a large number of biological processes, as a nutrient and a perspective vitamin.

This review covers the comprehensive information on various aspects of PQQ known till date.
Most recent findings correlating the exceptionally high redox recycling ability of PQQ to its potential as anti-neurodegenerative, anticancer and pharmacological agents, and as a signalling molecule have been distinctly brought out.
This review discusses different findings suggesting the versatility in PQQ functions and provides the most plausible intellectual basis to the ubiquitous roles of this compound in a large number of biological processes, as a nutrient and a perspective vitamin.

Systematic Review

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Microbe-mitochondrion crosstalk and health: An emerging paradigm

Bajpai P et al. • Mitochondrion (2018)

Microbial metabolites including short chain fatty acids as well as other molecules such as pyrroloquinoline quinone, fermentation gases, and modified fatty acids influence mitochondrial function.

Microbial metabolites including short chain fatty acids as well as other molecules such as pyrroloquinoline quinone, fermentation gases, and modified fatty acids influence mitochondrial function.
This review focuses on the known direct and indirect effects of microbes upon mitochondria and speculates regarding additional links for which there is circumstantial evidence.
Overall, while there is compelling evidence that a microbiota-mitochondria link exists, explicit and holistic mechanistic studies are warranted to advance this nascent field.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society.

Systematic Review

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Targeting mitochondrial alterations to prevent type 2 diabetes--evidence from studies of dietary redox-active compounds

Cheng Z et al. • Molecular nutrition & food research (2014)

This systematic-review examined the effects of PQQ.

Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial alterations with these redox-active compounds may lead to new therapeutic or preventive options for T2DM.
In this article, we review the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial alterations in T2DM, and the action of redox-active compounds to reverse mitochondrial changes and oxidative stress in T2DM.
In addition, the current challenges and future directions are discussed and prospected.

Systematic Review

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Intrigues and intricacies of the biosynthetic pathways for the enzymatic quinocofactors: PQQ, TTQ, CTQ, TPQ, and LTQ

Klinman JP et al. • Chemical reviews (2014)

This systematic-review examined the effects of PQQ.

Systematic review examining PQQ efficacy
Further research warranted to confirm findings

Systematic Review

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Cofactor biosynthesis through protein post-translational modification

Yukl ET et al. • Current opinion in chemical biology (2012)

The biosynthesis of these sites often requires one or more enzyme or protein accessory factors, the functions of which are quite diverse and often difficult to isolate in cases where multiple enzym...

The biosynthesis of these sites often requires one or more enzyme or protein accessory factors, the functions of which are quite diverse and often difficult to isolate in cases where multiple enzymes are involved.
Herein is described the current knowledge of the biosynthesis of urease and nitrile hydratase metal centers, pyrroloquinoline quinone, hypusine, and tryptophan tryptophylquinone cofactors along with the most recent work elucidating the functions of individual accessory factors in these systems.
These examples showcase the breadth and diversity of this continually expanding field.

Systematic Review

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Review of adverse events associated with false glucose readings measured by GDH-PQQ-based glucose test strips in the presence of interfering sugars

Frias JP et al. • Diabetes care (2010)

GDH-PQQ test strips pose a safety risk to insulin-using patients treated with agents containing or metabolized to interfering sugars.

Eighty-two reports were identified: 16 (20%) were associated with death, 46 (56%) with severe hypoglycemia, and 12 (15%) with nonsevere hypoglycemia.
In eight reports (10%), the AE was not described.
Forty-two events (51%) occurred in the U.S.

Systematic Review

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Analytical interferences in point-of-care testing glucometers by icodextrin and its metabolites: an overview

Floré KM et al. • Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (2009)

The POCT glucometers based on the GDH-PQQ method should preferably not be used in this high-risk population and POCT glucose results inconsistent with clinical suspicion of hypoglycemic coma should be retested with another testing system.

On the other hand, the GDH-PQQ test method results in falsely elevated blood glucose levels in peritoneal dialysis patients receiving solutions containing icodextrin (e.g., Extraneal; Baxter, Brussels, Belgium).
Icodextrin is metabolized in the systemic circulation into different glucose polymers, but mainly maltose, which interferes with the GDH-PQQ-based method.
Clinicians should be aware of this analytical interference.

Systematic Review

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Peritoneal dialysis: a primary care perspective

Saxena R et al. • Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM (2006)

Monitoring of glycemia by assays that use glucose dehydrogenase pyrroloquinoline quinone enzymes should be avoided and serum amylase alone should not be relied on in diagnosing pancreatitis in patients on icodextrin.

One such solution, icodextrin, is now approved for use in the United States.
Although extremely safe to use, it is associated with unique metabolic effects that may concern primary care physicians.
They include false elevation of blood glucose, a reversible increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and a false decline in serum amylase.

Systematic Review

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Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study

Shiojima Y et al. • Journal of the American Nutrition Association (2022)

Study demonstrates that supplementation of PQQ disodium salt is useful in improving memory, attention, judgment, and cognitive function, in middle-aged to elderly population, who feel they have become more forgetful because of aging.

Significant improvements were observed on the Cognitrax's cognitive function domain score on "composite memory", "verbal memory", "reaction time", "complex attention", "cognitive flexibility", "executive function", and "motor speed" in the mnemoPQQ® group as compared to the placebo group.
The DECO and the MMSE-J scores were also significantly improved in the mnemoPQQ® group.
Study demonstrates that supplementation of PQQ disodium salt is useful in improving memory, attention, judgment, and cognitive function, in middle-aged to elderly population, who feel they have become more forgetful because of aging.

RCTn=58

DOI

Consumption of Sylimarin, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Sodium Salt and Myricetin: Effects on Alcohol Levels and Markers of Oxidative Stress-A Pilot Study

Bosco G et al. • Nutrients (2024)

After the administration of Si.Pi.Mi, the data seemed to suggest a better alcohol metabolism and oxidative balance in response to wine intake.

Si.Pi.Mi intake reduced circulating ethanol after 120 min (-33%).
Changes in oxidative stress biomarkers, particularly a TAC (range +9-12%) increase and an 8-isoprostane (marker of lipidic peroxidation) decrease (range -22-27%), were observed too.
After the administration of Si.Pi.Mi, the data seemed to suggest a better alcohol metabolism and oxidative balance in response to wine intake.

RCTn=20

DOI

The impact of six-week dihydrogen-pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation on mitochondrial biomarkers, brain metabolism, and cognition in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Baltic S et al. • The journal of nutrition, health & aging (2024)

Despite the limited number of participants included in the study for interpreting clinical parameters, the dihydrogen-PQQ mixture blend shows promise as a potential dietary intervention for enhancing mental orientation and brain metabolism in individuals with age-related mild cognitive decline.

Cerebral oxygenation saturation exhibited a significant increase following the administration of the dihydrogen-PQQ mixture, from 48.4 ± 7.2% at baseline to 52.8 ± 6.6% at 6-week post-administration (P = 0.005).
In addition, brain N-acetyl aspartate levels significantly increased at seven out of thirteen locations post-intervention in participants receiving the mixture (P ≤ 0.05).
Despite the limited number of participants included in the study for interpreting clinical parameters, the dihydrogen-PQQ mixture blend shows promise as a potential dietary intervention for enhancing mental orientation and brain metabolism in individuals with age-related mild cognitive decline.

RCTn=34

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