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Tyr7.0
Tyrosine Research
Mostly mechanism / observationalModerate safety
18 peer-reviewed studies
What the evidence says
Mostly mechanism / observational
Most Tyrosine studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality randomised trials published 2015–2026 with a typical study size of 42 participants.
Based on 18 studies · 11 RCTs · 342 total participants
Confidence
Moderate
By outcome
Cognitive functionEnhances working memory under stress and cognitive load · 30-60 minutes
Williamson G et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2025)
Ca 30% of publications report bioactivity at ≤1 μmol/L.
Free-living and washout plasma data are scarce.
Some metabolites have been overlooked, notably phenyl-lactic, phenyl-hydracrylic and phenyl-propanoic acids, especially those from amino acids plus glycine, hydroxy-glycine and glutamine conjugates.
This comprehensive review explores L-DOPA's synthesis, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and its evolving role in neurological diseases, while highlighting ongoing challenges and future directions for optimizing its clinical application.
Kulkarni SR et al. · Molecular and cellular biochemistry (2025)
However, long-term use is associated with challenges such as motor fluctuations, dyskinesias, and loss of therapeutic efficacy due to progressive neurodegeneration and alterations in dopaminergic pathways.
Recent advancements in drug delivery systems, combination therapies, and nanotechnology, including plant-derived carbon dots, offer promising strategies to enhance L-DOPA's effectiveness while mitigating its limitations.
This comprehensive review explores L-DOPA's synthesis, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and its evolving role in neurological diseases, while highlighting ongoing challenges and future directions for optimizing its clinical application.
6Cognitive flexibility during task switchingRCTCited 44×n=22 · very small study2015
Tyrosine supplementation enhanced cognitive flexibility by promoting proactive cognitive control during task switching in healthy adults.
Steenbergen L et al. · Neuropsychologia (2015)
Tyrosine supplementation improved task switching performance under demanding conditions
Enhanced proactive cognitive control rather than reactive control
Single dose of 2g tyrosine was sufficient to improve executive function
7RCT2026
European Journal of Sport Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European College of Sport Science.
Solon-Júnior LJF et al. · European journal of sport science (2026)
Twelve recreational cyclists completed two constant-workload tests to exhaustion cycling tests under two experimental conditions at 80% of maximal endurance power output: L-tyrosine ingestion (300 mg/kg) under mental fatigue (TYR-MF), and placebo under mental fatigue (PLA-MF).
Time to exhaustion in the TYR-MF condition (459.9 ± 199.6 s) was higher when compared to the PLA-MF experimental condition (398.7 ± 222.1 s) (p = 0.008).
The increase (i.e., slope technique) of RPE throughout the cycling to exhaustion was lower in the TYR-MF (0.560 ± 0.184 a.u.) than in PLA-MF (0.673 ± 0.251 a.u.) (p = 0.03) experimental condition.
A deeper understanding of AA-mediated mechanisms may pave the way for personalized management strategies to improve clinical outcomes in CD.
Mahmoudi Ghehsareh M et al. · Amino acids (2025)
Arginine (Arg), through its metabolism via the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase pathways, contributes to immune regulation.
This review underscores the therapeutic potential of AAs as adjunctive targets to gluten-free diets (GFD), offering avenues for nutritional interventions, enzyme therapies, and biomarker development.
A deeper understanding of AA-mediated mechanisms may pave the way for personalized management strategies to improve clinical outcomes in CD.
Overall, while preliminary research suggests a possible intermediate phenotype among PKU carriers, the current available research is limited and PKU carriers are still clinically considered "unaffected." This review outlines the current literature while discussing future research endeavors related to the metabolism and health of PKU carriers.
These approaches include caloric restriction, tyrosine restriction, and administration of ketogenic drugs, ketogenic diets or natural products; all of which should be conducted under obese and diabetic conditions.
Liu H et al. · Biomolecules (2024)
Increasing evidence has shown that the underlying mechanisms of PS-induced kidney injury mainly involve oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which all may be targeted to attenuate PS-induced kidney injury.
For future research directions, we think that a deeper understanding of the pathogenic role of PS in kidney injury using a variety of diabetic animal models should be investigated.
Moreover, we also suggest beneficial approaches that could be used to mitigate the deleterious effect of PS on the kidney.
In conclusion, blood NTM levels correlated with blood Phe levels, and pegvaliase improved blood NTM levels in a large cohort of individuals with PKU.
Sigg MA et al. · Molecular genetics and metabolism (2024)
PAG levels correlated positively with Phe levels (r = 0.833; p < 0.001), while HVA, MOPEG, and 5HIAA levels correlated negatively with Phe levels (r = -0.588, -0.561, and -0.857, respectively; all p < 0.001) across all timepoints.
In conclusion, blood NTM levels correlated with blood Phe levels, and pegvaliase improved blood NTM levels in a large cohort of individuals with PKU.
Data suggests energy deficit and oxidative stress are features of PKU pathophysiology, providing intervention-amenable therapeutic targets to ameliorate disease elements refractory to standard of care.
Dobrowolski SF et al. · Molecular genetics and metabolism (2022)
Over-represented glutathione disulfide argues for reduced glutathione reductase activity secondary to reduced NADPH.
Herein, we review evidence of energy and oxidative stress involvement in PKU pathology.
Data suggests energy deficit and oxidative stress are features of PKU pathophysiology, providing intervention-amenable therapeutic targets to ameliorate disease elements refractory to standard of care.
These results indicate that MIPS supplementation is less ergogenic and cost effective than caffeine alone.
Kruszewski M et al. · Nutrients (2022)
In a cross-over manner, they participated in two sessions where they were blinded to the order of supplementation they were given: either a MIPS including caffeine or caffeine alone.
They completed the bench press strength endurance test with pre- and post-training psychological assessments containing FS, FAS and sRPE.
Bench press repetition volume was greater after anhydrous caffeine than MIPS supplementation with no difference in psychological measures.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Donnan KJ et al. · PloS one (2025)
Eight trained male soccer players completed a 92-minute high-intensity intermittent cycling sprint protocol whilst responding to soccer-specific decision-making tasks at various time points in 32°C (50%rh), in two counterbalanced conditions; tyrosine (150mg.kg-1) and placebo.
Also, no condition by time interaction effects were noted for these outcomes.
In sum, tyrosine supplementation was ineffective for facilitating prolonged intermittent sprint (self-paced) activity, soccer-specific decision-making, and in alleviating perceptual strain, for soccer players' exercising in the heat.
The trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT06182540.
Cáceres-Jiménez S et al. · Free radical biology & medicine (2024)
Hippuric acid excretion exceeded (poly)phenol intake indicating a significant contribution from phenylalanine and tyrosine.
The aromatic amino acids, while present in the ingested pulp, can also originate from several sources including breakdown of dietary proteins in the GI tract, and endogenous breakdown of surplus mammalian proteins independent of the GI tract.
The trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT06182540.
This study was pre-registered as a clinical trial ("Impact of supplements on stress markers": NCT05592561).
McAllister MJ et al. · Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2024)
The MSC resulted in significant increases in sAA, SIgA, HR, and SAI.
Ingestion of L-theanine and L-tyrosine did not impact markers of stress.
However, the L-tyrosine treatment demonstrated significantly lower missed responses compared to the placebo treatment group during the Stroop challenge.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Mathar D et al. · PLoS computational biology (2022)
Tyrosine supplementation reduced physiological arousal as revealed by increases in pupil dilation variability and reductions in heart rate.
Supplementation-related changes in physiological arousal predicted individual changes in temporal discounting.
Our findings provide first evidence that tyrosine supplementation might impact psychophysiological parameters, and suggest that modeling approaches based on sequential sampling models can yield novel insights into latent cognitive processes modulated by amino-acid supplementation.Copyright: