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Evidence-based supplements similar to Calcium, ranked by shared goals and clinical evidence. Compare any of them head-to-head below.
Hormone-like vitamin that regulates 1,000+ genes — deficiency is widespread and linked to poor immunity, depression, and bone loss.
A second-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) approved for postmenopausal osteoporosis and for reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer in high-risk and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. In the pivotal MORE trial it cut vertebral-fracture risk and reduced invasive (largely ER-positive) breast cancer by ~70%; CORE extended the breast-cancer benefit to 8 years, and the STAR trial showed it roughly matched tamoxifen for invasive-breast-cancer prevention with less uterine cancer. It is used OFF-LABEL by some men for gynecomastia (a small pediatric series found it shrank pubertal breast tissue). The honest limits are non-negotiable: the RUTH trial found NO reduction in coronary events but a significant increase in FATAL STROKE and venous thromboembolism, raloxifene does NOT reduce hip or non-vertebral fractures, and it commonly causes hot flushes and leg cramps. It is NOT a supplement and NOT a longevity drug.
A once-yearly intravenous bisphosphonate for osteoporosis that drew geroscience attention because, in a major fracture trial, it reduced not just fractures but all-cause MORTALITY — a benefit larger than bone effects alone explain. Emerging work suggests immune-modulating and possibly senescence-related effects. The mortality signal is real but not fully understood; human longevity is unproven. A prescription drug, not a supplement.
Complete protein with high leucine content that maximizes muscle protein synthesis.
This information is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.