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Prescription medication — not a dietary supplement
Dapagliflozinis a prescription (or investigational) drug, not a supplement. It is included here for reference because people research and discuss it (often used off-label) — not as a recommendation. Take it only under a qualified clinician's supervision and only as prescribed; do not source it from grey-market vendors, where identity, purity, and dosing are unverified. The evidence below reflects its clinical trials.
What the evidence says
Most Dapagliflozin studies are mechanism or observational rather than RCTs that measure a clinical effect — keep findings provisional.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2019–2022 with a typical study size of 6,263 participants.
Based on 6 studies · 1 meta-analysis · 4 RCTs · 66,793 total participants
Confidence
ModerateBy outcome
Dapagliflozin has an evidence score of 4.4/10 — emerging evidence based on 6 indexed studies, including 1 meta-analysis. An SGLT2-inhibitor diabetes drug (Farxiga/Forxiga) with broad, robust human outcome evidence — it cuts heart-failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death across the ejection-fraction spectrum and slows kidney-disease progression, including in non-diabetics. The sibling of empagliflozin, used off-label for 'longevity,' though longevity itself is unproven (the lifespan data are for sibling canagliflozin in mice). A prescription drug, not a supplement. Representative study: PMID 30424892.
The commonly studied dose of Dapagliflozin is Off-label use mirrors approved dosing (10 mg once daily) under a clinician. A prescription drug; not an approved longevity regimen.. Individual needs vary — start at the lower end of the range and adjust based on how you respond.
Nicotinamide Riboside
Mostly mechanism / observationalA vitamin B3 precursor that reliably raises cellular NAD+ levels and is well tolerated — but human trials have so far shown mostly null or mixed results on the functional outcomes (muscle, metabolism, blood pressure, cognition) that elevation is meant to drive.
Alirocumab (Praluent)
Last reviewed June 2026 · evidence from 6 studies · how we score
This information is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga/Forxiga) — SGLT2 inhibitor
An SGLT2-inhibitor diabetes drug (Farxiga/Forxiga) with broad, robust human outcome evidence — it cuts heart-failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death across the ejection-fraction spectrum and slows kidney-disease progression, including in non-diabetics. The sibling of empagliflozin, used off-label for 'longevity,' though longevity itself is unproven (the lifespan data are for sibling canagliflozin in mice). A prescription drug, not a supplement.
Dapagliflozin has broad, robust human cardiorenal outcome evidence — reduced heart-failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death across the ejection-fraction spectrum and slowed kidney-disease progression, including in non-diabetics — but those are cardiorenal outcomes, not a demonstrated lifespan extension (the class lifespan data are for canagliflozin in mice), and it carries class risks, so the longevity use stays emerging.
Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor — a 'gliflozin' — that lowers blood glucose by blocking renal glucose reabsorption, excreting glucose (and calories) in the urine and shifting metabolism toward fat/ketone utilization.
Alongside empagliflozin it has the deepest cardiorenal outcome evidence of the class, which is why both are discussed and used off-label as geroprotectors.
The landmark DAPA-HF trial showed dapagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death and heart-failure hospitalization in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (including many non-diabetics); DELIVER extended that benefit to mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction; DAPA-CKD showed it slows chronic-kidney-disease progression and reduces death across a broad, largely non-diabetic population; and DECLARE-TIMI 58 established its cardiovascular-outcome safety and a reduction in heart-failure hospitalization in type-2 diabetics.
A class meta-analysis (Zelniker, Lancet) pooled these effects across SGLT2 inhibitors. These are large, robust, organ-protective and partly mortality outcomes — unusual for a 'metabolic' drug.
The honest distinction for this collection: those proven benefits are cardiovascular, heart-failure, and renal, not a demonstrated lifespan or healthspan extension; the only direct geroscience lifespan data in the class are for the sibling canagliflozin in male mice.
The class risks are shared: genital mycotic infections, volume depletion, and a rare but serious euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (higher risk with fasting/low-carb). Dapagliflozin is a prescription drug; using it off-label for longevity is increasingly common, but the longevity benefit specifically is unproven.
The score reflects genuinely strong human cardiovascular/renal/heart-failure outcomes plus a class geroscience rationale, against unproven human longevity and real risks.
Blocks renal SGLT2 so glucose (and calories) are excreted in urine, lowering glucose independent of insulin.
Reduced preload, improved cardiac energetics, and lower intraglomerular pressure underlie the heart-failure and kidney benefits — largely independent of glucose lowering.
Urinary calorie loss and a shift toward fat/ketone utilization drive modest weight/BP reduction and the proposed geroprotective metabolic effects.
How Dapagliflozin works — from molecular targets to health outcomes. Click an edge to see supporting research.This visualization is in beta — pathways are being refined and expanded.
Tap node to isolate • Pinch to zoom • Tap edge for research
Off-label use mirrors approved dosing (10 mg once daily) under a clinician. A prescription drug; not an approved longevity regimen.
Can be taken without food
| Form | Type |
|---|---|
| 💊Oral tablet (dapagliflozin) | Recommended |
| 💊Empagliflozin (similar class evidence); canagliflozin (the one with mouse-lifespan data) | Alternative |
Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin have the strongest human outcome trials of the class.
Minimum: 12 weeks
Optimal: 52 weeks
Cycling: Not required
Note: Once daily; hydrate well and maintain genital hygiene to limit yeast infections.
Dose-response data unavailable. The current published research for Dapagliflozin does not provide sufficient dose-specific outcome data to generate reliable dose-response curves.
Refer to the Dosage & Timing section above for recommended dose ranges based on available evidence.
DAPA-HF and DELIVER reduced cardiovascular death and heart-failure hospitalization across the full ejection-fraction spectrum, including in non-diabetics.
DAPA-CKD slowed chronic-kidney-disease progression and reduced death across a broad, largely non-diabetic population.
Urinary calorie loss yields modest weight and blood-pressure reductions.
Genital yeast infections are common; rare euglycemic ketoacidosis and volume depletion can occur.
Caution — combined with carb restriction, SGLT2 inhibition can raise ketoacidosis risk.
Monitor for volume depletion and falls.
May be a poor fit — glucosuria promotes recurrence.
Additive volume depletion / hypotension.
Increased hypoglycemia risk (and ketoacidosis if insulin is reduced too much).
Tip: Glucosuria promotes yeast; hygiene and prompt treatment help.
Tip: Stay hydrated; caution with diuretics or in the elderly.
Tip: Can occur at near-normal glucose; seek care for nausea/malaise/rapid breathing, especially when fasting or ill.
The best time to take Dapagliflozin is in the morning. It can be taken on an empty stomach. Once daily, with or without food; ensure hydration and genital hygiene to limit infection risk.
Dapagliflozin should be used with caution — talk to a healthcare provider before taking it. The most commonly reported side effects are genital yeast infection, volume depletion / dizziness, euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Use caution if any of these apply to you: Type 1 diabetes (ketoacidosis risk); Severe renal impairment per label / dialysis; History of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis.
A fully human monoclonal-antibody PCSK9 inhibitor (Praluent), injected under the skin every 2 weeks, that lowers LDL cholesterol by ~50–60%. In the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial of ~18,900 post-heart-attack patients it reduced major cardiovascular events and showed a possible all-cause mortality signal. Generally well tolerated; injection-site reactions and high cost/access are the main trade-offs. Prescription drug, not a supplement.