We use essential cookies (authentication, your saved goals/stack) by default. With your permission we'll also enable privacy-respecting analytics (Vercel Web Analytics, anonymous load-time metrics) and error-replay diagnostics (Sentry — DOM snapshots only when an error fires) so we can fix bugs faster. Learn more
Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol)
Proanthocyanidin-rich extract that improves blood flow, skin elasticity, and cognitive function — backed by 160+ published studies.
What the evidence says
Pine Bark Extract appears to help in 10 of 12 studies with measurable effects — the evidence leans clearly favourable.
Most evidence is from high-quality meta-analyses and randomised trials published 2005–2025 with a typical study size of 512 participants.
Based on 35 studies · 19 meta-analyses · 13 RCTs · 25,628 total participants
Confidence
HighWhat the studies found
By outcome
Pine Bark Extract has an evidence score of 9/10 — very strong evidence based on 35 indexed studies, including 19 meta-analyses. Proanthocyanidin-rich extract that improves blood flow, skin elasticity, and cognitive function — backed by 160+ published studies.
The commonly studied dose of Pine Bark Extract is 100-200mg daily. Research points to an estimated optimal dose around 150mg, with a minimum effective dose near 100mg. Individual response varies — start low and adjust.
The best time to take Pine Bark Extract is with meals. Taking it with food is preferred. Pine bark extract contains oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), catechins, and phenolic acids with potent antioxidant and vasodilatory properties.
Green Tea Extract
Likely helpsConcentrated catechins from green tea that support metabolism, fat oxidation, brain health, and antioxidant defense.
Curcumin
Likely helpsTurmeric's active compound that modulates NF-kB inflammatory pathways — supports mood, joint health, and post-exercise recovery.
Last reviewed May 2026 · evidence from 38 studies · how we score
This information is for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.
Pine Bark Extract, most famously sold as Pycnogenol, is derived from the bark of French maritime pine trees. It's rich in proanthocyanidins (OPCs), the same beneficial compounds found in grape seed extract but with additional unique compounds. Research shows benefits for blood flow, skin health, cognitive function, and inflammation. Pycnogenol is one of the most well-researched herbal extracts with over 160 published studies.
Neutralizes free radicals and regenerates vitamins C and E
Increases nitric oxide production for better blood flow
Binds to collagen and elastin to protect skin structure
How Pine Bark Extract works — from molecular targets to health outcomes. Click an edge to see supporting research.This visualization is in beta — pathways are being refined and expanded.
100-200mg daily
Loading: Not required
Take with food
| Form | Type |
|---|---|
| 💊Pycnogenol (standardized extract) | Recommended |
| 💊Generic pine bark extract | Alternative |
| 💊OPC complex formulas | Alternative |
Pycnogenol is patented and standardized to 65-75% proanthocyanidins. Generic versions may vary in quality.
Minimum: 4 weeks
Optimal: 12 weeks
Cycling: Not required
Note: Taking with food improves absorption and reduces any GI discomfort. Pycnogenol is the most researched brand.
Based on meta-analyses showing modest reductions in systolic (-3.22 mmHg) and diastolic (-1.91 mmHg) blood pressure. Effects are clinically small and studies show heterogeneity.
Better blood flow throughout the body
Better skin elasticity and reduced signs of aging
Better memory and attention
Occasional stomach discomfort in some users
Limited data; consult healthcare provider
Consult physician due to immune effects
May have mild antiplatelet effects; monitor if combining — may affect platelet aggregation or vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, altering anticoagulant efficacy
May affect immune function; consult physician
Tip: Take with food
Tip: May be related to blood flow changes; temporary
Pine Bark Extract is generally well-tolerated and considered safe for most healthy adults at recommended doses. The most commonly reported side effects are mild GI discomfort, headache. Use caution if any of these apply to you: Allergy to pine products.
Sage
Mostly mechanism / observationalA Mediterranean herb with rosmarinic acid and salvianolic compounds that support cognitive function, menopausal symptom relief, and metabolic health through antioxidant and cholinergic mechanisms.
Tap node to isolate • Pinch to zoom • Tap edge for research