Evening Primrose Oil

Different essential fatty acids with complementary effects

Balanced omega fatty acid profile

⟡ Vitex

Both support women's hormonal health

Comprehensive PMS and hormonal support

Top studies from 40+ peer-reviewed papers

📚meta-analysisn=7920

Langer G et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2024)

“The benefits of nutritional interventions with various compositions for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment are uncertain.”

Key Findings:

Compared to standard diet, protein supplements may result in little to no difference in pressure ulcer incidence (protein 21 per 1000, standard diet 28 per 1000; RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.14; 4 studies, 4264 participants; low-certainty evidence).
The evidence is very uncertain about the gastrointestinal side effects of these supplements (protein 109 per 1000, standard diet 155 per 1000; RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.06 to 7.96; 2 studies, 140 participants, very low-certainty evidence).
Compared to standard diet, energy, protein and micronutrient supplements may slightly increase the number of healed pressure ulcers (energy, protein and micronutrients 366 per 1000, standard diet 253 per 1000; RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.85; 3 studies, 577 participants, low-certainty evidence).
Compared to standard diet, supplements with arginine and micronutrients may not increase the number of healed pressure ulcers, but the evidence suggests a slight reduction in pressure ulcer area (MD 15.8% lower, 95% CI 25.11 lower to 6.48 lower; 2 studies, 231 participants, low-certainty evidence).

📚meta-analysisn=1278

Soares-Weiser K et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2018)

“This review has found that the use of valbenazine or extract of Ginkgo biloba may be effective in relieving the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.”

Key Findings:

Studies were primarily of short (three to six6 weeks) duration with small samples size (10 to 157 participants), and most (61%) were published more than 20 years ago.
Two studies found moderate-quality evidence of a benefit of the intervention compared with placebo: valbenazine (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.86, 1 RCT, n = 92) and extract of Ginkgo biloba (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.96, 1 RCT, n = 157), respectively.
This review has found that the use of valbenazine or extract of Ginkgo biloba may be effective in relieving the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
However, since only one RCT has investigated each one of these compounds, we are awaiting results from ongoing trials to confirm these results.

📚meta-analysisn=1596

Bamford JT et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2013)

“With regard to the risk of bias, the majority of studies were of low risk of bias; we judged 67% of the included studies as having low risk of bias for random sequence generation; 44%, for allocation concealment; 59%, for blinding; and 37%, for other biases.”

Key Findings:

With regard to the risk of bias, the majority of studies were of low risk of bias; we judged 67% of the included studies as having low risk of bias for random sequence generation; 44%, for allocation concealment; 59%, for blinding; and 37%, for other biases.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

📚systematic-review

Compare with Others Find Based on Your Goals

Conte F et al. • International journal of molecular sciences (2023)

“With this systematic review we aim to raise awareness about the cardiac presentations in carbohydrate-linked IMDs and draw attention to carbohydrate-linked pathogenic mechanisms that may underlie cardiac complications.”

Key Findings:

Considering the pivotal role of sugar metabolism in cardiac tissue, including energy production, nucleic acid synthesis and glycosylation, it is not surprising that an increasing number of IMDs linked to carbohydrate metabolism are described with cardiac manifestations.
In this systematic review, we offer a comprehensive overview of IMDs linked to carbohydrate metabolism presenting that present with cardiomyopathies, arrhythmogenic disorders and/or structural cardiac defects.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

📚meta-analysisn=689

Yang X et al. • Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2023)

“ER can exert varying degrees of positive effects on OA and can effectively ameliorate the pathological process in OA patients, and it may become an alternative for OA treatment in the future, providing patients with better health and life quality.”

Key Findings:

ER can exert varying degrees of positive effects on OA and can effectively ameliorate the pathological process in OA patients, and it may become an alternative for OA treatment in the future, providing patients with better health and life quality.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

View all 40+ studies

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Evening Primrose Oil

fatty acid

Evening Primrose Oil (GLA)

Rich source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that supports women's hormonal health, skin conditions, and inflammation.

longevitywomen's healthGLAPMSskin health

40+ studies

Evidence

Reviewed 19 days ago

high

Safety

1000-3000mg (providing 80-240mg GLA)

Dose

8-12 weeks

Time to Effect

Softgels (cold-pressed oil)

Best Form

Mechanisms of Action

⚖️

GLA to DGLA Conversion

GLA converts to anti-inflammatory prostaglandins

✨

Skin Barrier Support

Supports healthy skin lipid composition

Biological PathwayBeta

How Evening Primrose Oil works — from molecular targets to health outcomes. Click an edge to see supporting research.This visualization is in beta — pathways are being refined and expanded.

Supplement

Molecular Target

Biological Process

Health Outcome

Strong

Moderate

Emerging

strong

moderate

emerging

Tap node to isolate • Pinch to zoom • Tap edge for research

Recommended Dose

1000-3000mg (providing 80-240mg GLA)

500mg4000mg

Optimal Timing

With meals containing fat

Take with food

Available Forms

Form	Type
💊Softgels (cold-pressed oil)	Recommended
💧Liquid oil	Alternative

Look for cold-pressed oil. Keep refrigerated to prevent rancidity. Check GLA content.

Duration

Minimum: 8 weeks

Optimal: 12 weeks

Cycling: Not required

Note: Take with food containing fat for best absorption. Can split into 2-3 doses.

💫

Reduced Breast Tenderness

Less cyclical breast pain

📅 2-3 cycles

55% of users notice thispositive

✨

PMS Symptom Relief

Reduced PMS symptoms

📅 2-3 cycles

50% of users notice thispositive

✨

Skin Improvement

Better skin hydration and eczema symptoms

⏱️ 8-12 weeks

50% of users notice thispositive

High SafetyMax safe dose: Up to 6g/day used in studies

🟡

Pregnant

Sometimes used near term to ripen cervix; consult doctor

🔴

Seizure disorders

Avoid or use with caution

Who Should NOT Take This

Seizure disorders (may lower seizure threshold)
Before surgery (stop 2 weeks prior)

Drug Interactions

Blood thinnersmild

May have mild antiplatelet effects — may affect platelet aggregation or vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, altering anticoagulant efficacy

Anticonvulsantsmoderate

May lower seizure threshold

Phenothiazinesmoderate

May increase seizure risk

Possible Side Effects

GI upset

milduncommon

Tip: Take with food

Headache

milduncommon

Tip: Usually resolves

Soft stools

milduncommon

Tip: Reduce dose

Warnings

May lower seizure threshold — caution in epilepsy
Stop 2 weeks before surgery
Takes 2-3 cycles to see benefits for hormonal issues

⟡ Omega-3

Different essential fatty acids with complementary effects

Balanced omega fatty acid profile

⟡ Vitex

Both support women's hormonal health

Comprehensive PMS and hormonal support

Top studies from 40+ peer-reviewed papers

📚meta-analysisn=7920

Langer G et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2024)

“The benefits of nutritional interventions with various compositions for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment are uncertain.”

Key Findings:

Compared to standard diet, protein supplements may result in little to no difference in pressure ulcer incidence (protein 21 per 1000, standard diet 28 per 1000; RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.14; 4 studies, 4264 participants; low-certainty evidence).
The evidence is very uncertain about the gastrointestinal side effects of these supplements (protein 109 per 1000, standard diet 155 per 1000; RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.06 to 7.96; 2 studies, 140 participants, very low-certainty evidence).
Compared to standard diet, energy, protein and micronutrient supplements may slightly increase the number of healed pressure ulcers (energy, protein and micronutrients 366 per 1000, standard diet 253 per 1000; RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.85; 3 studies, 577 participants, low-certainty evidence).
Compared to standard diet, supplements with arginine and micronutrients may not increase the number of healed pressure ulcers, but the evidence suggests a slight reduction in pressure ulcer area (MD 15.8% lower, 95% CI 25.11 lower to 6.48 lower; 2 studies, 231 participants, low-certainty evidence).

📚meta-analysisn=1278

Soares-Weiser K et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2018)

“This review has found that the use of valbenazine or extract of Ginkgo biloba may be effective in relieving the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.”

Key Findings:

Studies were primarily of short (three to six6 weeks) duration with small samples size (10 to 157 participants), and most (61%) were published more than 20 years ago.
Two studies found moderate-quality evidence of a benefit of the intervention compared with placebo: valbenazine (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.86, 1 RCT, n = 92) and extract of Ginkgo biloba (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.96, 1 RCT, n = 157), respectively.
This review has found that the use of valbenazine or extract of Ginkgo biloba may be effective in relieving the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.
However, since only one RCT has investigated each one of these compounds, we are awaiting results from ongoing trials to confirm these results.

📚meta-analysisn=1596

Bamford JT et al. • The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (2013)

“With regard to the risk of bias, the majority of studies were of low risk of bias; we judged 67% of the included studies as having low risk of bias for random sequence generation; 44%, for allocation concealment; 59%, for blinding; and 37%, for other biases.”

Key Findings:

With regard to the risk of bias, the majority of studies were of low risk of bias; we judged 67% of the included studies as having low risk of bias for random sequence generation; 44%, for allocation concealment; 59%, for blinding; and 37%, for other biases.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

📚systematic-review

Compare with Others Find Based on Your Goals

Conte F et al. • International journal of molecular sciences (2023)

“With this systematic review we aim to raise awareness about the cardiac presentations in carbohydrate-linked IMDs and draw attention to carbohydrate-linked pathogenic mechanisms that may underlie cardiac complications.”

Key Findings:

Considering the pivotal role of sugar metabolism in cardiac tissue, including energy production, nucleic acid synthesis and glycosylation, it is not surprising that an increasing number of IMDs linked to carbohydrate metabolism are described with cardiac manifestations.
In this systematic review, we offer a comprehensive overview of IMDs linked to carbohydrate metabolism presenting that present with cardiomyopathies, arrhythmogenic disorders and/or structural cardiac defects.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

📚meta-analysisn=689

Yang X et al. • Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2023)

“ER can exert varying degrees of positive effects on OA and can effectively ameliorate the pathological process in OA patients, and it may become an alternative for OA treatment in the future, providing patients with better health and life quality.”

Key Findings:

ER can exert varying degrees of positive effects on OA and can effectively ameliorate the pathological process in OA patients, and it may become an alternative for OA treatment in the future, providing patients with better health and life quality.
Further research warranted to confirm findings

View all 40+ studies

What would you like to do next?

Related Supplements

Si9.0

Soy Isoflavones

Plant compounds with weak estrogenic effects that support menopausal symptoms, bone health, and cardiovascular function.

I3C7.5

Indole-3-Carbinol

7.5/10

Converts to DIM in the stomach, shifting estrogen metabolism toward favorable 2-hydroxy metabolites for hormonal balance.

Om39.0

Omega-3

Essential fatty acids critical for brain health, mood regulation, and reducing inflammation throughout the body.

Cur9.0

Curcumin